Table 1.
Summary of different miscellaneous nanosensors using optical and magnetic detection method for various targets
| Type of detection | Target | Components of sensor | Limit of detection | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optical detection | C-reaction protein | Fluorescent nanosphere (FN) contains 332 ± 8 CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) conjugated with antibodies to produce immunofluorescent nanosphere (IFN)-based lateral flow test strip | 27.8 pM | [81] |
| Optical detection | C-reaction protein | Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted AuNPs (PMPC-g-AuNPs) | ∼50 ng/mL | [82] |
| Optical detection using novel quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI | Uptake of superparamagnetic iron-oxide NPs by macrophages | – | – | [83] |
| T2 magnetic resonance | Candida spp. | Iron oxide nanocrystals embedded in a polymer matrix were conjugated to aminated DNA oligonucleotides | 1–3 CFU/ml | [79] |
| Magnetic relaxation switching | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) | Infra-red (NIR) fluorescent dye loaded onto PEGylated bilirubin (PEG-BR)-coated SPIONs (PEG-BR@SPIONs) | 31.49 μM | [84] |
| Combined plasmonic and photoelectronic detection | Citrullinated histones (CitH3) | Gold nanohemispheres (AuNHs), functionalizing with CitH3 antibodies incorporated with photoconductive channel above molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) | 0.87 pg/mL | [86] |