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. 2019 Dec 26;18:241–252. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.006

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) versus Adaptive Clinical Trial (ACT) for Phase III. A Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) “randomly” assign patients to treatment arms (ensuring balance of covariates of interest) before testing, whereas an Adapted Clinical Trial sequentially assigns patients to treatment arms according to previous testing results.