Fig. 4. Time-series representations of mean relative body size.

Three approaches are shown: (a) actual taxa binned at the resolution of stratigraphic stages; (b) actual taxa plus ghost ranges inferred using branch lengths; (c) actual taxa plus ghost ranges plus phylogenetically reconstructed body size values of inferred common ancestors. Random 50% bootstrap samples were drawn over 100 iterations. The interquartile range of these iterations is shown in dark grey, the total range in light grey.