Table 3.
Cytokine level changes between baseline and 8 weeks of test substance administration
| KRG group (n = 49) |
Placebo group (n = 50) |
p-value‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | p-value∗ | Mean ± SD | p-value† | |||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | W0 | 10.99 ± 11.19 | 8.75 ± 2.36 | 0.4261 | ||
| W8 | 11.44 ± 15.46 | 0.9268 | 6.73 ± 3.22 | 0.0003† | ||
| W8–W0 | 0.27 ± 19.84 | −2.02 ± 3.69 | ||||
| INF-γ (IU/mL) | W0 | 19.60 ± 15.25 | 17.88 ± 14.17 | 0.7229 | ||
| W8 | 17.06 ± 21.36 | 0.4932 | 13.52 ± 5.80 | 0.0526 | ||
| W8–W0 | −2.76 ± 27.43 | −4.36 ± 15.53 | ||||
| IL-2 (IU/mL) | W0 | 25.81 ± 15.41 | 22.91 ± 7.46 | 0.7367 | ||
| W8 | 21.66 ± 11.25 | 0.0927 | 19.45 ± 8.28 | 0.0270† | ||
| W8–W0 | −4.47 ± 17.83 | −3.47 ± 10.72 | ||||
| IL-4 (IU/mL) | W0 | 17.52 ± 19.28 | 12.68 ± 5.85 | 0.2162 | ||
| W8 | 11.58 ± 9.30 | 0.0232∗ | 9.95 ± 6.61 | 0.0389† | ||
| W8–W0 | −6.43 ± 18.76 | −2.73 ± 9.11 | ||||
KRG, Korean Red Ginseng; SD, standard deviation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IFN, interferon; IL, Interleukin; W8, 8th week; W0, Baseline.
∗
Analyzed by Paired t-test (compared within treatment group).
†
Analyzed by Paired t-test (compared within control group).
‡
Analyzed by Paired t-test (compared between groups: baseline–8th week).