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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 8.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020 Aug 17;61:495–516. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030920-011143

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pathway to translating nonclinical to clinical outcomes for TB. Different pathways exist to translate preclinical to clinical outcomes. Two methods reviewed here include a PK approach and a systems approach. The PK approach can be used to predict equivalent drug exposure between nonclinical models and humans. Here, the assumption is that the outcomes will be comparable between species if drug exposure is matched. However, with the complexity of TB disease, a more systems-like approach may be necessary, as species differences in disease pathology do not capture the full spectrum of outcomes in patients. This approach therefore incorporates host-specific differences and models host-bacteria-drug dynamics at the site of action to make more accurate predictions in patients. Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; PK, pharmacokinetics; PD, pharmacodynamics; TB, tuberculosis.