Fig. 8.

Rk1 and Rg5 inhibit the Smad2/3 activation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in TGF-β1-stimulated A549 cells. A and B. Change in protein expression of p-Smad2/3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis and densitometric quantification. Smad2/3 was used as a loading control. C. Rk1 and Rg5 inhibit the transcription activity of Smad by TGF-β1. A549 cells were transiently transfected with the pSBE-Luc reporter gene, and treated with TGF-β1 or with TGF-β1 and Rk1, or TGF-β1 and Rg5. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05 versus control and ##p < 0.01 #p < 0.05 versus TGF-β1 treated control. The data are expressed as mean ± SD for triplicates.