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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020 Sep 22;61:565–585. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-021320-111248

Table 1.

The influence of genetic variation on antiretroviral drug exposure and clinical outcomes.

Gene or protein Drug affected Alleles evaluated Reported consequences (compared to wildtype)
CYP3A5 Maraviroc *2, *3, *6, and *7 41% higher plasma concentrations and 66% lower apparent clearance in homozygous dysfunctional groups (24).
CYP2C19 Etravirine *2 8–38% decrease in intrinsic clearance (95).
Nelfinavir Rate of metabolism to hydroxy-t-butylamide metabolite decreases by 50%; no significant impact on efficacy or toxicity (134).
CYP2B6 Efavirenz Loss-of-function alleles Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with decreased intrinsic clearance (88, 89).
Nevirapine G516T Decreased intrinsic clearance; no clear association with adverse events (74).
UGT1A1 Dolutegravir *6, *28, and other reduced-function alleles Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with decreased intrinsic clearance (125).
Atazanavir *6, *28 Hyperbilirubinemia associated with decreased intrinsic clearance (140, 141).
Indinavir
Raltegravir *28 Decreased intrinsic clearance; no clear association with adverse events (111).
HLA-B Abacavir *5701 Strongly correlated with hypersensitivity (46).
OCT1 Lamivudine P283L, P341L Significantly decreased intrinsic clearance (56).
OCT2 Lamivudine T199I, T201M, A270S
ABCB1 Nevirapine C3435T Decreased risk of hepatotoxicity (73).