Figure 6.

DPP4 Inhibition Suppresses Renal Inflammation in CRP^tg db/db Mice

(A and B) IHC (A) and real-time PCR (B) result of MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in kidney of mice at 24 weeks old (original magnification ×400). (C) IHC shows the enhanced renal infiltration of F4/80⁺ macrophages in CRP^tg db/db mice is significantly decreased by treatment with DPP4 inhibitor (original magnification ×400). Data represent the mean ± SEM for eight mice per group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus db/m mice; ^ˆp < 0.05, ^ˆˆp < 0.01 versus db/db mice; ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 versus untreated CRP^tg db/db mice.