Table 1.
Baseline multiple myeloma characteristics by autologous stem cell transplant (aHSCT) among 1-year survivors of first primary multiple myeloma in California, 1991–2013.
| All | aHSCT | No aHSCT | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | col % | N | col % | P-value | |
| All | 16,331 | 100.0 | 3202 | 100.0 | 13,129 | 100.0 | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 8767 | 53.7 | 1868 | 58.3 | 6899 | 52.5 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 7564 | 46.3 | 1334 | 41.7 | 6230 | 47.5 | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 9591 | 58.7 | 1901 | 59.4 | 7690 | 58.6 | 0.4117 |
| African–American | 2115 | 13.0 | 358 | 11.2 | 1757 | 13.4 | 0.0009 |
| Hispanic | 2954 | 18.1 | 649 | 20.3 | 2305 | 17.6 | 0.0004 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1467 | 9.0 | 283 | 8.8 | 1184 | 9.0 | 0.7495 |
| Other/Unknown | 204 | 1.2 | 11 | 0.3 | 193 | 1.5 | <0.0001 |
| Age diagnosis | |||||||
| Age <40 | 325 | 2.0 | 137 | 4.3 | 188 | 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| 40–49 | 1504 | 9.2 | 672 | 21.0 | 832 | 6.3 | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 3569 | 21.9 | 1322 | 41.3 | 2247 | 17.1 | <0.0001 |
| 60–69 | 4744 | 29.0 | 982 | 30.7 | 3762 | 28.7 | 0.0244 |
| 70–79 | 4257 | 26.1 | 88 | 2.7 | 4169 | 31.8 | <0.0001 |
| 80–89 | 1815 | 11.1 | 1 | 0.0 | 1814 | 13.8 | <0.0001 |
| ≥90 | 117 | 0.7 | 117 | 0.9 | <0.0001 | ||
| Treatment era of diagnosis | |||||||
| 1991–1997 | 3949 | 24.2 | 372 | 11.6 | 3577 | 27.2 | <0.0001 |
| 1998–2002 | 3268 | 20.0 | 585 | 18.3 | 2683 | 20.4 | 0.006 |
| 2003–2007 | 3856 | 23.6 | 971 | 30.3 | 2885 | 22.0 | <0.0001 |
| 2008–2013 | 5258 | 32.2 | 1274 | 39.8 | 3984 | 30.3 | <0.0001 |
| 1st Course of treatment | |||||||
| Chemotherapy | |||||||
| Yes | 12,071 | 73.9 | 3007 | 93.9 | 9064 | 69.0 | <0.0001 |
| No | 4023 | 24.6 | 187 | 5.8 | 3836 | 29.2 | <0.0001 |
| Unknown | 237 | 1.5 | 8 | 0.2 | 229 | 1.7 | <0.0001 |
| Radiation | |||||||
| Yes | 3,824 | 23.4 | 946 | 29.5 | 2878 | 21.9 | <.0001 |
| No | 12,499 | 76.5 | 2256 | 70.5 | 10,243 | 78.0 | <.0001 |
| Unknown | 8 | 0.0 | 8 | 0.1 | 0.1624 | ||
| Neighborhood socioeconomic status (quintiles) | |||||||
| 1-Lowest | 2374 | 14.5 | 366 | 11.4 | 2008 | 15.3 | <0.0001 |
| 2 | 2854 | 17.5 | 476 | 14.9 | 2378 | 18.1 | <0.0001 |
| 3 | 3333 | 20.4 | 655 | 20.5 | 2678 | 20.4 | 0.9414 |
| 4 | 3755 | 23.0 | 804 | 25.1 | 2951 | 22.5 | 0.0015 |
| 5-Highest | 4015 | 24.6 | 901 | 28.1 | 3114 | 23.7 | <0.0001 |
| Insurance coverage | |||||||
| No insurance/Self pay | 190 | 1.2 | 22 | 0.7 | 168 | 1.3 | 0.0051 |
| Private insurance | 7256 | 44.4 | 2154 | 67.3 | 5102 | 38.9 | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid/Gov | 1255 | 7.7 | 314 | 9.8 | 941 | 7.2 | <0.0001 |
| Medicare | 5570 | 34.1 | 586 | 18.3 | 4984 | 38.0 | <0.0001 |
| Unknown insurance | 2059 | 12.6 | 126 | 3.9 | 1933 | 14.7 | <0.0001 |
| Comorbiditiesa | |||||||
| No admissions | 7445 | 45.6 | 1613 | 50.4 | 5832 | 44.4 | <0.0001 |
| 0 Comorbidities | 1511 | 9.3 | 412 | 12.9 | 1099 | 8.4 | <0.0001 |
| 1–2 Comorbidities | 3614 | 22.1 | 700 | 21.9 | 2914 | 22.2 | 0.6833 |
| ≥3 Comorbidities | 3761 | 23.0 | 477 | 14.9 | 3284 | 25.0 | <0.0001 |
| SPM site | |||||||
| All | 933 | 5.7 | 186 | 5.8 | 747 | 5.7 | 0.7945 |
| Digestive system | 184 | 1.1 | 22 | 0.7 | 162 | 1.2 | 0.0025 |
| Breast | 97 | 0.6 | 18 | 0.6 | 79 | 0.6 | 0.7195 |
| Respiratory system | 119 | 0.7 | 19 | 0.6 | 100 | 0.8 | 0.2459 |
| Leukemia | 81 | 0.5 | 32 | 1.0 | 49 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Lymphoma | 40 | 0.2 | 6 | 0.2 | 34 | 0.3 | 0.4245 |
| MDS | 31 | 0.2 | 8 | 0.2 | 23 | 0.2 | 0.4054 |
| Female genitals | 36 | 0.2 | 9 | 0.3 | 27 | 0.2 | 0.4379 |
| Urinary system | 66 | 0.4 | 7 | 0.2 | 59 | 0.4 | 0.0491 |
| Male genitals | 115 | 0.7 | 31 | 1.0 | 84 | 0.6 | 0.0442 |
| Brain and other CNS | 7 | 0.0 | – | – | 7 | 0.1 | 0.1851 |
| Endocrine system | 19 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.1 | 0.1993 |
| Soft tissue | 4 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.0 | 0.1315 |
| Bone and joint | 1 | 0.0 | – | – | 1 | 0.0 | 0.6176 |
| Oral cavity system | 29 | 0.2 | 9 | 0.3 | 20 | 0.2 | 0.1286 |
| Skin | 75 | 0.5 | 15 | 0.5 | 60 | 0.5 | 0.9884 |
| Mesothelioma | 4 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.0 | 0.7994 |
| Miscellaneous | 25 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 24 | 0.2 | 0.0432 |
nSES neighborhood socioeconomic status, SPM second primary malignancy, MDS myelodysplastic syndrome.
aComorbidities were calculated within 2 years prior to multiple myeloma diagnosis.