Figure 2.

ESC-sEVs Reverse Cognitive Aging and Rejuvenate H-NSC Senescence in SAMP8 Mice

(A) Spatial learning and memory abilities were tested by an MWM test in 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. n = 10 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.01. (B) Western blot analysis and quantification of Syp, Gap-43, PSD-95, and Syn-IIa in hippocampus of 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. n = 6 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (C) SA-β-gal staining of the hippocampus and quantification of hippocampal SA-β-gal activity in 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. Scale bars, 250 μm. n = 6 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (D) IF images of senescent H-NSCs (p16^INK4a+, red; Sox2⁺, green) and the percentage of Sox2⁺/p16^INK4a+ double-stained cells in whole Sox2⁺ cells in the SGZ of 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. Scale bars, 50 μm. n = 6 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (E) SA-β-gal staining of isolated H-NSCs and the percentage of SA-β-gal⁺ cells in 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (F) Western blot analysis and quantification of p16^INK4a, γ-H2AX, p21, and p53 in isolated neurospheres of 6 month, 12 month-PBS, and 12 month-sEV mice. n = 6 per group. ∗∗∗p < 0.001.