Table 1.
Characteristics at Hospital Admission
| Variable | With COVID-19 (n = 2,600) | Without COVID-19 (n = 19,522) | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age | 65.6 [52.5-79.6] | 65.5 [51.7-78] | 0.065 |
| Black race | 646 (24.8%) | 2,916 (14.9%) | 0.25 |
| Female sex | 1,280 (49.2%) | 9,901 (50.7%) | −0.03 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 725 (27.9%) | 2,375 (12.2%) | 0.401 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 502 (19.3%) | 4,728 (24.2%) | −0.119 |
| COPD | 831 (32%) | 6,844 (35.1%) | −0.066 |
| Liver disease | 270 (10.4%) | 3,227 (16.5%) | −0.181 |
| Malignancy | 295 (11.3%) | 3,683 (18.9%) | −0.211 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 426 (16.4%) | 3,246 (16.6%) | −0.007 |
| Hypertension | 1,658 (63.8%) | 12,572 (64.4%) | −0.01 |
| Diabetes | 997 (38.3%) | 5,954 (30.5%) | 0.165 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score | 5 [2-8] | 5 [2-9] | −0.114 |
| Vital signs on admission | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 132 [118-148] | 137 [121-156] | −0.206 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 76 [66-85] | 79 [69-89] | −0.196 |
| Pulse rate | 94 [80-109] | 87 [74-102] | 0.314 |
| Respiratory rate | 20 [18-22] | 18 [17-20] | 0.481 |
| Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation | 96 [93-98] | 97 [96-99] | −0.552 |
| Temperature | 98.9 [98-100.4] | 98 [97.5-98.6] | 0.699 |
| Serum laboratory findings on admission | |||
| Serum urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 17 [11-26] | 17 [12-25] | 0.033 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1 [0.8-1.3] | 1 [0.8-1.3] | 0.044 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 76.7 [52.6-97.1] | 76.2 [55.1-95.9] | −0.003 |
| Chloride, mEq/L | 100 [97-104] | 102 [99-105] | −0.238 |
| Glucose, g/dL | 123 [105-162] | 120 [102-151] | 0.095 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4 [3.7-4.4] | 4 [3.7-4.4] | −0.039 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 137 [134-140] | 138 [135-140] | −0.082 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.2 [11.8-14.4] | 12.8 [11.1-14.2] | 0.212 |
| Platelet count, ×103/μL | 206 [161-262] | 230 [178-289] | −0.212 |
| WBC count, ×103/μL | 6.7 [5.1-9.2] | 9.2 [6.9-12.3] | −0.396 |
| Urinalysis findings | |||
| Specific gravity | 1.02 [1.015-1.027] | 1.018 [1.013-1.026] | −0.013 |
| Proteinuria ≥ 2+ | 598 (33.4%) | 1,790 (15.4%) | 0.429 |
| Blood ≥ 2+ | 354 (19.8%) | 2,184 (19.1%) | 0.019 |
| Leukocytes ≥ 1+ | 486 (27.2%) | 3,504 (30.6%) | −0.075 |
Note: Values for continuous variables given as median [interquartile range]; for categorical variables, as count (percentage). Vital signs, blood laboratory findings, and urinalysis findings are first available during admission.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC, white blood cell.