Table 2.
AKI and Other Outcomes
| Variable | With COVID-19 (n = 2,600) | Without COVID-19 (n = 19,522) | Risk Difference (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI | 796 (30.6%) | 3,544 (18.2%) | 12.5% [10.6% to 14.3%] | <0.001 |
| Stage 1 | 508 (19.5%) | 2,579 (13.2%) | 6.3% [4.7% to 7.9%] | |
| Stage 2 | 153 (5.9%) | 594 (3%) | 2.8% [1.9% to 3.8%] | |
| Stage 3 | 135 (5.2%) | 371 (1.9%) | 3.3% [2.4% to 4.2%] | |
| Dialysisa | 68 (8.5%) | 127 (3.6%) | 5% [2.9% to 7%] | <0.001 |
| Time from hospital admission to first dialysis, db | 6.1 [3.7-11] | 5.1 [1.8-12.5] | 1% [−1.1% to 3%] | 0.3 |
| Duration of inpatient dialysis, db | 10.1 [1-21.9] | 4.1 [1-13.7] | 6% [0.9% to 11.1%] | 0.02 |
| AKI on admission | 129 (5.0%) | 941 (4.8%) | 0.2% [−0.9% to 1.0%] | 0.8 |
| ICU admission | 654 (25.2%) | 4,759 (24.4%) | 0.8% [−1% to 2.5%] | 0.4 |
| Length of stay in ICU, dc | 4.9 [1.8-11.1] | 2.3 [1.2-4.7] | 2.6% [1.9% to 3.3%] | <0.001 |
| Ventilator requirementc | 377 (14.5%) | 1,186 (6.1%) | 8.4% [7% to 9.8%] | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor requirementc | 369 (14.2%) | 2,329 (11.9%) | 2.3% [0.8% to 3.7%] | <0.001 |
| AKI recovery (at discharge)a | 462 (58%) | 2,473 (69.8%) | −11.7% [−15.5% to −8%] | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, d | 8 [4.5-14.8] | 4 [2.4-7] | 4% [3.7% to 4.2%] | <0.001 |
| Death | ||||
| Overall | 383 (14.7%) | 612 (3.1%) | 11.6% [10.2% to 13%] | <0.001 |
| Among those with AKIa | 236 (29.6%) | 401 (11.3%) | 18.3% [15% to 21.7%] | <0.001 |
Note: AKI recovery was defined as last serum creatinine measurement before discharge that is <1.5× baseline serum creatinine level.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit.
a
Includes only those with AKI (n = 4,340).
b
Includes only those undergoing dialysis (n = 195).
c
Includes only those admitted to the ICU (n = 5,413).