ClockΔ19/Δ19 aggravated EndMT and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by disturbed flow (DF) in vitro. A. Relative mRNA levels of Cdh5, S100a4, Acta2, Vimentin, Twist1, Snai1, Mmp2, and Mmp9 in pMAECs exposed to disturbed flow (DF) or undisturbed flow (UF) (n = 3). B, C. p-PERK, p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, XBP-1, and ATF6 protein levels of pMAECs exposed to disturbed flow (DF) or undisturbed flow (UF) assayed by western blotting (n = 3). *P < 0.05 vs. WT+DF, **P < 0.01 vs. WT+DF, #P < 0.05 vs. WT+UF, ##P < 0.01 vs. WT+UF.