Figure 2.

Effect of intranasal insulin on PSD95, Iba1, and apoptosis marker in neonatal mouse brains exposed to sevoflurane. P7 mice received intranasal administration of insulin (Ins) or, as a control, saline, followed by inhalational anesthesia with 2.5% sevoflurane (Sevo) for 6 hr beginning 30 min after intranasal administration. Some mouse pups were sacrificed at the end of anesthesia (0 hr post anesthesia), and the others at 6 hr post anesthesia. The mouse brains were homogenized and analyzed by Western blots developed with antibodies indicated at the right side of the blots (A). The blots were then quantified, and the relative levels of each proteins (means ± SEM) are shown (B). *, P < 0.05 vs. control; ^#, P < 0.05 vs. Sevo group, as analyzed using one-way ANOVA plus post hoc tests (n = 10 mice/group).