Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients
| Characteristics | Total (N=417) | Disease severity | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Severe (n=81) | Non-severe (n=336) | |||
| Age (years), M ± SD | 45.2±17.6 | 56.3±12.5 | 42.6±17.6 | <0.001 |
| Gender, No. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 198 (47.5) | 53 (65.4) | 145 (43.2) | |
| Female | 219 (52.5) | 28 (34.6) | 191 (56.8) | |
| Duration from onset to fever (days), median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | 1.0 (1.0-3.0) | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | 0.070 |
| Blood type, No. (%) | 0.886 | |||
| A+ | 79 (18.9) | 17 (21.0) | 62 (18.5) | |
| AB+ | 43 (10.3) | 8 (9.9) | 35 (10.4) | |
| B+ | 85 (20.4) | 19 (23.4) | 66 (19.6) | |
| O+ | 78 (18.7) | 14 (17.3) | 64 (19.1) | |
| Unknown | 132 (31.7) | 23 (28.4) | 109 (32.4) | |
| History of surgery, No. (%) | 63 (15.1) | 16 (19.8) | 47 (14.0) | 0.193 |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 74 (17.8) | 27 (33.3) | 47 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Fat | 44 (10.6) | 17 (21.0) | 27 (8.0) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 27 (6.5) | 12 (14.8) | 15 (4.5) | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (2.9) | 5 (6.2) | 7 (2.1) | 0.062 |
| Hepatitis B | 12 (2.9) | 2 (2.5) | 10 (3.0) | 0.806 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | 5 (1.5) | 0.863 |
| Arteriosclerosis | 5 (1.2) | 3 (3.7) | 2 (0.6) | 0.053 |
| Syphilis | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 1.000 |
| Respiratory system symptom, No. (%) | ||||
| Any | 361 (86.6) | 79 (97.5) | 282 (83.9) | 0.001 |
| Fever | 310 (74.3) | 77 (95.1) | 233 (69.3) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 215 (51.6) | 58 (71.6) | 157 (46.7) | <0.001 |
| Expectoration | 116 (27.8) | 33 (40.7) | 83 (24.7) | 0.004 |
| Throat pain | 71 (17.0) | 20 (24.7) | 51 (15.2) | 0.041 |
| Nasal obstruction | 43 (10.3) | 8 (9.9) | 35 (10.4) | 0.886 |
| Fear of cold | 34 (8.2) | 12 (14.8) | 22 (6.5) | 0.015 |
| NSS, No. (%) | ||||
| Any | 122 (29.3) | 40 (49.4) | 82 (24.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypodynamia | 57 (13.7) | 21 (25.9) | 36 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Muscle aches | 43 (10.3) | 15 (18.5) | 28 (8.3) | 0.007 |
| Headache | 39 (9.4) | 3 (3.7) | 36 (10.7) | 0.052 |
| Dizziness | 33 (7.9) | 11 (13.6) | 22 (6.5) | 0.035 |
| Drowsiness | 4 (1.0) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.024 |
| Coma | 2 (0.5) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.037 |
| Paralysis | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.194 |
| Hyposmia | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.623 |
| Hypogeusia | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.623 |
| Lalopathy | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.194 |
| Cardiovascular system symptom, No. (%) | ||||
| Any | 60 (14.4) | 22 (27.2) | 38 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| Chest distress | 37 (8.9) | 13 (16.0) | 24 (7.1) | 0.011 |
| Shortness of breath | 17 (4.1) | 9 (11.1) | 8 (2.4) | 0.002 |
| Chest pain | 14 (3.4) | 4 (4.9) | 10 (3.0) | 0.488 |
| Palpitation | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | 0.393 |
| Arrhythmia | 3 (0.7) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0.098 |
| Gastrointestinal symptom, No. (%) | ||||
| Any | 53 (12.7) | 21 (25.9) | 32 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 36 (8.6) | 13 (16.0) | 23 (6.8) | 0.008 |
| Abdominal pain | 11 (2.6) | 4 (4.9) | 7 (2.1) | 0.236 |
| Nausea | 10 (2.4) | 4 (4.9) | 6 (1.8) | 0.108 |
| Poor appetite | 7 (1.7) | 1 (1.2) | 6 (1.8) | 0.729 |
| Emesis | 5 (1.2) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (0.9) | 0.250 |
| Gastralgia | 5 (1.2) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (0.9) | 0.250 |
| Abdominal distension | 4 (1.0) | 4 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001 |
| Lesion location, No. (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Left | 28 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (8.3) | |
| Right | 45 (10.8) | 2 (2.5) | 43 (12.8) | |
| Bilateral | 305 (73.1) | 73 (90.1) | 232 (69.1) | |
| Unknown | 39 (9.4) | 6 (7.4) | 33 (9.8) | |
| Type of lesion, No. (%) | 0.005 | |||
| Unifocal lesion | 46 (11.0) | 1 (1.2) | 45 (13.4) | |
| Multifocal lesion | 329 (78.9) | 73 (90.1) | 256 (76.2) | |
| Unknown | 42 (10.1) | 7 (8.7) | 35 (10.4) | |
Comparison was determined by Student’s t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; M ± SD, mean ± standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; NSS, nervous system symptom.