Table 3.
Stratification by time since blood draw for the association (RRs, 95% CIs) between 3 methylation-based measures of aging (per 1 SD) and cancer risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
|
PhenoAge
|
GrimAge
|
Telomere length |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer type | No. cases | Time since blood draw | RRa95% CI | P het b | P lin b | RRa95% CI | P het b | P lin b | RRa95% CI | P het b | P lin b |
| Colorectal cancer | 813 | ≤5 y | 1.48 (1.16 to 1.89) | 1.20 (0.94 to 1.52) | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.23 (1.02 to 1.50) | .13 | .07 | 1.24 (1.03 to 1.50) | .89 | .32 | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.26) | .68 | .79 | ||
| >10 y | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.30) | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.38) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.10) | ||||||||
| Gastric cancer | 165 | ≤ 5 y | 0.72 (0.42 to 1.26) | 0.99 (0.54 to 1.84) | 0.98 (0.57 to 1.71) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.06 (0.71 to 1.59) | .52 | .48 | 0.93 (0.61 to 1.42) | .85 | .49 | 1.14 (0.73 to 1.77) | .74 | .60 | ||
| >10 y | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.30) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.41) | 1.26 (0.91 to 1.74) | ||||||||
| Kidney cancer | 139 | ≤5 y | 1.29 (0.61 to 2.70) | 0.81 (0.46 to 1.42) | 1.68 (0.82 to 3.45) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.33 (0.72 to 2.48) | .97 | .67 | 1.91 (1.06 to 3.44) | .09 | .26 | 1.01 (0.54 to 1.91) | .36 | .13 | ||
| >10 y | 1.22 (0.89 to 1.67) | 1.29 (0.89 to 1.87) | 0.95 (0.66 to 1.38) | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | 327 | ≤5 y | 1.51 (1.05 to 2.18) | 2.15 (1.28 to 3.61) | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.14) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.13 (0.85 to 1.50) | .44 | .18 | 1.46 (1.00 to 2.12) | .40 | .92 | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.31) | .64 | .51 | ||
| >10 y | 1.20 (0.97 to 1.49) | 1.94 (1.40 to 2.69) | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.13) | ||||||||
| Mature B-cell neoplasms | 423 | ≤5 y | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.90) | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.25) | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.22) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.21 (0.93 to 1.57) | .73 | .14 | 1.22 (0.87 to 1.71) | .22 | .30 | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.35) | .64 | .30 | ||
| >10 y | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.46) | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.05) | ||||||||
| Prostate cancer | 846 | ≤5 y | 1.23 (0.96 to 1.57) | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 0.93 (0.77 to 1.13) | .13 | .13 | 0.94 (0.74 to 1.18) | .78 | .95 | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.34) | .95 | .95 | ||
| >10 y | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.23) | ||||||||
| Urothelial cancers | 404 | ≤5 y | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.47) | 1.70 (1.31 to 2.22) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.16 (0.89 to 1.51) | .76 | .93 | 1.07 (0.84 to 1.38) | .04 | .52 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.36) | .22 | .47 | ||
| >10 y | 1.32 (0.99 to 1.75) | 1.48 (1.10 to 2.00) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) | ||||||||
| All types | 2994 | ≤5 y | 1.29 (1.15 to 1.44) | 1.19 (1.06 to 1.33) | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | ||||||
| 5-10 y | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.23) | .05 | .004 | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.28) | .36 | .11 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | .31 | .70 | ||
| >10 y | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | ||||||||
Model 1: No adjustment other than that provided by the matching variables age, sex, country of birth (Australia, northern Europe, or southern Europe), sample type (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, dried blood spots, or buffy coats); lung cancer study: additional matching for smoking status (never; former, quitting less than 10 years; former, quitting 10 years and over; current, smoking less than 15 cigarettes per day; current smoking 15 and more cigarettes per day).
P het (Pheterogeneity) and Plin (Plinearity) were calculated using a likelihood ratio test for the interaction between each methylation-based measure and the time-to-diagnosis variable, taken as categorical and continuous, respectively.