Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | Study design | Sample size | Age (years) | Gender (female, %) | IBS diagnostic criteria | Anxiety and depression scale | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Camilleri et al. [28] | US | Cohort |
Healthy (n = 41); IBS-C (n = 49); IBS-D (n = 44); IBS-M (n = 29) |
Healthy:33.6 ± 1.6; IBS-C:38.6 ± 1.5; IBS-D:35.4 ± 1.6; IBS-M:37.2 ± 2.2 |
Healthy:100; IBS-C:100; IBS-D:93.2; IBS-M:100 |
Rome II | HADS | 7 |
| Cho et al. [27] | Korea | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 91); IBS-C (n = 30); IBS-D (n = 63); IBS-M (n = 31) |
Healthy:45.8 ± 15.2; IBS:43.3 ± 14.3 |
Healthy:46.2; IBS:49.2 |
Rome II | HADS | 7 |
| Jamali et al. [25] | Iran | Cross sectional |
IBS-C (n = 75); IBS-D (n = 55); IBS-M (n = 120) |
IBS-C:32.90 ± 10.1; IBS-D:29.12 ± 10.4; IBS-M: 31.97 ± 13.5 |
IBS-C:62.1; IBS-D:48.8; IBS-M:50 |
Rome III | BDI | 7 |
| Jones et al. [24] | Australia | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 76); IBS-C (n = 60); IBS-D (n = 57); IBS-M (n = 51) |
Healthy: 38.8 ± 12.4; IBS-C: 38.8 ± 12.6; IBS-D: 41.1 ± 13.6; IBS-M: 37.5 ± 13.3 |
Healthy:79; IBS-C:86; IBS-D:65; IBS-M:85 |
Rome III | HADS | 7 |
| Lee et al. [23] | China | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 20); IBS-C (n = 20); IBS-D (n = 20) |
Healthy:50.7 ± 17.4; IBS-C: 48.9 ± 16.3; IBS-D: 49.2 ± 15.6; |
Healthy:30; IBS-C:30; IBS-D:30 |
NA | MMPI | 6 |
| Medeiros et al. [22] | Brazil | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 8); IBS-C (n = 7); IBS-D (n = 6); IBS-M (n = 8) |
Healthy:32.3(24–44); IBS:39.9(20–60) |
Healthy:25.0; IBS:76.2 |
Roma II | HADRS | 7 |
| Miller et al. [21] | UK | Cohort |
IBS-C (n = 296); IBS-D (n = 256); IBS-M (n = 448) |
IBS:51.6(17–91) | IBS:80 | Rome II | HADS | 7 |
| Seminowicz et al. [20] | Canada | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 48); IBS-C (n = 15); IBS-D (n = 17); IBS-M (n = 19) |
Healthy: 31.1 ± 12.3; IBS-C: 35.0 ± 13.4; IBS-D: 32.0 ± 5.46; IBS-M: 31.2 ± 10.9 |
NA | Rome II | HADS | 8 |
| Sugaya et al. [19] | Japan | Cross sectional |
Healthy (n = 1881); IBS-C (n = 45); IBS-D (n = 61) |
Healthy:19.77 ± 1.73; IBS:19.53 ± 1.87 |
Healthy: 52.2; IBS:56.3 |
Rome II | HADS | 7 |
| Thijssen et al. [18] | Netherlands | Cohort |
Healthy (n = 137); IBS-C (n = 33); IBS-D (n = 52); IBS-M (n = 60); IBS-U (n = 9) |
Healthy: 44.2 ± 19.3; IBS: 44.5 ± 16.3 |
Healthy: 61; IBS: 70 |
Rome III | HADS | 8 |
| De-Rong et al. [26] | China | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 20); IBS-D (n = 42) |
Healthy:28.9 (20–38); IBS-D:29.4 (22–40) |
Healthy: 40; IBS-D: 35.7 |
Rome III | HADS | 8 |
| Mujagic et al. [34] | Netherlands | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 94); IBS-C (n = 21); IBS-D (n = 34); IBS-M (n = 30); IBS-U (n = 6) |
IBS:44.4 ± 1.6; Healthy:45.0 ± 2.0 |
IBS: 63.7; Healthy:58.5 |
Rome III | HADS | 7 |
| Ladep et al. [35] | Nigeria | Cross sectional |
IBS-C (n = 59); IBS-D (n = 58); IBS-A (n = 15) |
32.0 ± 9.4 | 56.8 | Rome II | DSM-IV | 7 |
| Qin et al. [33] | China | Case–control |
Healthy (n = 18); IBS-D (n = 40) |
IBS-D:44.50 ± 9.27; Healthy:42.33 ± 12.81 |
IBS-D:25; Healthy:27.8% |
Rome IV | HADS | 8 |
| Bruno et al. [30] | Italy | Cohort |
IBS-C (n = 34); IBS-D (n = 37); IBS-M (n = 40) |
IBS-C:47.6 ± 10.1; IBS-D:46.7 ± 11.7; IBS-M:45.6 ± 13.9 |
56.76 | Rome III | HRSD/HRSA | 7 |
| Ford et al. [29] | Canada | Cross sectional |
IBS-C (n = 175); IBS-D (n = 380); IBS-M (n = 509) |
IBS-C:43.0 ± 16.1; IBS-D:41.8 ± 15.0; IBS-M:38.2 ± 14.7 |
IBS-C:80.6; IBS-D:69.5; IBS-M:77.0 |
Rome III | HADS | 8 |
| Mearin et al. [31] | Spain | Cohort |
IBS-C (n = 160); IBS-D (n = 182); IBS-A (n = 175) |
NA |
IBS-C:83.1; IBS-D:66.3; IBS-A:79.4 |
Rome II | EuroQoL-5D | 7 |
| Okami et al. [32] | Japan | Cross sectional |
IBS-C (n = 260); IBS-D (n = 116); IBS-A (n = 252) |
NA |
IBS-C:20.4; IBS-D:6.6; IBS-A:14.5 |
Rome II | HADS | 7 |
NA, not applicable; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; MMPI, scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; HADRS, Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale; SCL, symptom checklist; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory