Table 1.
Results of the larval development test (LDT) in 42 Polish goat herds
| Herd No. | No. of adult goats | Benzimidazoles | Macrocyclic lactones | Levamisole | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDc (%) | cPD at the DC of 0.08 μg/ml (%) with CI 95% | EC50 (μg/ml) | EC99 (μg/ml) | AR | PDc (%) | cPD at the DC of 21.6 ng/ml (%) with CI 95% | EC50 (ng/ml) | EC99 (ng/ml) | AR | PDc (%) | cPD at the DC of 2.0 μg/ml (%) with CI 95% | EC50 (μg/ml) | EC99 (μg/ml) | AR | ||
| 1 | 10 | 98.0 | 0 | 0.009 | 0.011 | ND | 98.0 | 70.0 (61.2–77.6) | 36.6 | 546.2 | severe | 98.0 | 0 | 0.41 | 1.88 | ND |
| 2 | 14 | 98.0 | 99.0 (96.4–99.7) | 0.273 | 0.793 | severe | 97.4 | 97.7 (94.1–99.1) | 134.3 | 2374 | severe | 100 | 9.1 (4.6–17.3) | 0.50 | 3.12 | mild |
| 3 | 16 | 95.0 | 42.1 (34.5–50.1) | 0.082 | 1.054 | moderate | 95.0 | 41.0 (33.0–49.6) | 20.1 | 924.5 | moderate | 95.0 | 0 | 0.55 | 2.04 | ND |
| 4 | 26 | 98.4 | 77.5 (71.4–82.6) | 0.301 | 5.323 | severe | 98.4 | 70.1 (62.3–76.9) | 49.4 | 4891 | severe | 93.2 | 0 | 0.37 | 1.7 | ND |
| 5 | 5 | 97.8 | 31.7 (25.6–38.4) | 0.030 | 2.990 | moderate | 97.8 | 59.3 (52.4–65.9) | 33.1 | 1524 | severe | 97.8 | 1.0 (0.3–3.6) | 0.45 | 1.13 | ND |
| 6 | 8 | 98.4 | 53.9 (46.9–60.6) | 0.091 | 1.354 | severe | 98.4 | 100 (98.0–100) | 109.9 | 1094 | severe | 98.4 | 3.6 (1.7–7.1) | 0.45 | 2.82 | mild |
| 7 | 4 | 100 | 81 (73.7–86.6) | 0.165 | 1.645 | severe | 100.0 | 93.3 (87.7–96.4) | 148.4 | 6831 | severe | 100 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.06 | ND |
| 8 | 35 | 98.8 | 97.2 (90.6–99.2) | 0.333 | 0.924 | severe | 98.8 | 83.0 (76.2–88.1) | 81.5 | 2169 | severe | 98.8 | 0 | 0.22 | 0.48 | ND |
| 9 | 40 | 98.6 | 2.2 (0.7–7) | 0.007 | 0.042 | ND | 98.6 | 53.7 (40.3–66.7) | 12.2 | 560.7 | severe | 98.6 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.59 | ND |
| 10 | 7 | 98.7 | 14.0 (9.5–20.3) | 0.014 | 0.135 | moderate | 98.7 | 45.3 (38.4–52.4) | 27.1 | 722.1 | moderate | 98.7 | 34.8 (24.3–47.0) | 0.74 | 231.3 | moderate |
| 11 | 23 | 97.3 | 91.0 (85.2–94.7) | 0.223 | 0.829 | severe | 97.3 | 72.3 (65.1–78.5) | 121.5 | 257,438 | severe | 97.3 | 54.4 (40.9–67.3) | 2.72 | 269.1 | severe |
| 12 | 155 | 98.2 | 7.3 (3.4–14.9) | 0.030 | 0.300 | mild | 98.2 | 85.0 (78.6–89.7) | 33.1 | 329.5 | severe | 98.2 | 0 | 0.30 | 0.95 | ND |
| 13 | 123 | 98.6 | 85.0 (78.4–89.8) | 0.223 | 1.032 | severe | 98.6 | 82.8 (76.7–87.5) | 99.5 | 4579 | severe | 98.6 | 0 | 0.45 | 1.13 | ND |
| 14 | 13 | 93.2 | 31.8 (25.1–39.3) | 0.050 | 4.929 | moderate | 93.2 | 61.3 (54.1–68.1) | 33.1 | 3278 | severe | 92.9 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.38 | ND |
| 15 | 11 | 95.0 | 84.9 (78.7–89.5) | 0.247 | 1.991 | severe | 95.0 | 97.1 (93.5–98.7) | 134.3 | 1725 | severe | 95 | 0 | 0.45 | 1.89 | ND |
| 16 | 17 | 86.8 | 27.9 (20.6–36.5) | 0.050 | 1.065 | moderate | 86.8 | 52.4 (43.9–60.8) | 24.5 | 7661 | severe | 86.8 | 0 | 0.22 | 1.80 | ND |
| 17 | 13 | 86.8 | 10.7 (7.1–15.8) | 0.018 | 0.392 | moderate | 86.8 | 52.1 (44.9–59.3) | 27.1 | 1248 | severe | 86.8 | 0 | 0.15 | 1.49 | ND |
| 18 | 10 | 97.9 | 56.3 (47.7–64.6) | 0.081 | 3.778 | severe | 97.9 | 77.2 (69.7–83.3) | 73.7 | 1577 | severe | 97.9 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.85 | ND |
| 19 | 20 | 98.7 | 0 | 0.003 | 0.008 | ND | 98.7 | 65.3 (55.0–74.3) | 30.0 | 2966 | severe | 98.7 | 0 | 0.08 | 0.31 | ND |
| 20 | 5 | 96.2 | 92.2 (86.3–95.7) | 0.183 | 0.679 | severe | 96.2 | 79.5 (72.3–85.2) | 73.7 | 3392 | severe | 96.2 | 4.8 (2.3–9.8) | 0.30 | 6.45 | mild |
| 21 | 21 | 100 | 6.3 (3.2–11.9) | 0.014 | 0.290 | mild | 100 | 80.9 (72.3–87.3) | 66.7 | 11,000 | severe | 100 | 0 | 0.14 | 0.63 | ND |
| 22 | 72 | 92.4 | 0 | 0.003 | 0.014 | ND | 92.4 | 20.0 (14.8–26.4) | 9.0 | 240.4 | moderate | 92.4 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.63 | ND |
| 23 | 11 | 91.6 | 15.3 (11.0–20.9) | 0.025 | 0.529 | moderate | 91.6 | 37.7 (31.2–44.6) | 11.0 | 1091 | moderate | 91.6 | 1.1 (0.3–3.7) | 0.09 | 1.17 | ND |
| 24 | 14 | 97.0 | 84.5 (78.9–88.9) | 0.607 | 189.4 | severe | 97.0 | 63.9 (57.1–70.3) | 54.6 | 5405 | severe | 97.0 | 0 | 0.18 | 1.15 | ND |
| 25 | 26 | 94.0 | 18.6 (13.8–24.6) | 0.022 | 2.215 | moderate | 94.0 | 18.6 (13.8–24.6) | 4.5 | 1400 | moderate | 94.0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.37 | ND |
| 26 | 10 | 94.0 | 42.6 (35.9–49.5) | 0.074 | 3.419 | moderate | 94.0 | 50.5 (43.7–57.4) | 24.5 | 244.1 | severe | 94.0 | 0 | 0.13 | 0.48 | ND |
| 27 | 8 | 90.8 | 22.0 (16.8–28.3) | 0.015 | 4.683 | moderate | 90.8 | 0 | 1.6 | 16.4 | ND | 90.8 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.42 | ND |
| 28 | 16 | 96.8 | 94.5 (90.5–96.9) | 0.905 | 9.003 | severe | 96.8 | 52.2 (45.3–59) | 22.2 | 285.1 | severe | 96.8 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.58 | ND |
| 29 | 10 | 93.2 | 91.2 (86.5–94.4) | 0.741 | 7.371 | severe | 93.2 | 92.8 (88.4–95.6) | 54.6 | 252.6 | severe | 93.2 | 0 | 0.25 | 0.62 | ND |
| 30 | 16 | 92.2 | 32.0 (25.9–38.7) | 0.041 | 0.872 | moderate | 92.2 | 94.9 (90.9–97.2) | 49.4 | 183.6 | severe | 92.6 | 0 | 0.20 | 0.51 | ND |
| 31 | 20 | 94.8 | 95.5 (91.6–97.6) | 0.497 | 6.378 | severe | 94.8 | 96 (92.3–98) | 90.0 | 283.9 | severe | 94.8 | 0 | 0.22 | 0.70 | ND |
| 32 | 9 | 98.8 | 31.8 (24.8–39.8) | 0.061 | 0.605 | moderate | 98.8 | 93.4 (87.5–96.7) | 73.7 | 463.1 | severe | 98.8 | 0 | 0.45 | 1.42 | ND |
| 33 | 76 | 97.9 | 0 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ND | 97.9 | 0 | 0.1 | 13.4 | ND | 97.9 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.38 | ND |
| 34 | 13 | 98.9 | 91.4 (86.0–94.8) | 0.497 | 155.1 | severe | 98.9 | 67.1 (59.8–73.7) | 54.6 | 5405 | severe | 98.9 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.74 | ND |
| 35 | 10 | 97.8 | 92.6 (86.0–96.2) | 0.368 | 7.873 | severe | 97.8 | 96.3 (91–98.5) | 73.7 | 595.1 | severe | 97.8 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.72 | ND |
| 36 | 27 | 90.6 | 81.7 (75.7–86.4) | 0.368 | 9.798 | severe | 90.6 | 79.4 (72.4–85) | 44.7 | 956.6 | severe | 90.6 | 0 | 0.20 | 0.93 | ND |
| 37 | 5 | 96.8 | 51.5 (44.4–58.5) | 0.082 | 13.54 | severe | 96.8 | 5.3 (2.5–11.0) | 3.7 | 47.1 | mild | 96.8 | 0 | 0.20 | 0.64 | ND |
| 38 | 6 | 97.0 | 90.7 (84.1–94.8) | 1.649 | 974.7 | severe | 97.0 | 83.5 (75.6–89.2) | 54.6 | 543.2 | severe | 97.0 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.86 | ND |
| 39 | 73 | 97.2 | 88.0 (81.0–92.6) | 0.301 | 5.232 | severe | 97.2 | 92.0 (85.9–95.6) | 109.9 | 2353 | severe | 97.2 | 0.9 (0.2–4.5) | 0.47 | 2.19 | ND |
| 40 | 22 | 88.9 | 57.9 (50.6–64.9) | 0.135 | 13.40 | severe | 88.9 | 7.9 (4.8–12.7) | 9.0 | 56.7 | mild | 88.9 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.41 | ND |
| 41 | 21 | 98.8 | 63.4 (54.8–71.2) | 0.165 | 16.37 | severe | 98.8 | 94.9 (90.4–97.4) | 121.5 | 562.1 | severe | 98.8 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.39 | ND |
| 42 | 18 | 93.2 | 63.3 (53.5–72.1) | 0.150 | 3.201 | severe | 93.2 | 29.0 (21.0–38.5) | 12.2 | 260.7 | moderate | 93.2 | 0 | 0.33 | 1.05 | ND |
AR anthelmintic resistance, DC discriminating concentration, PDc percentage of developing larvae in the control wells, cPD at the DC corrected percentage of larvae developing in tested wells at the discriminating concentration of a given anthelmintic agent, CI 95 95% confidence interval, EC50 median effective concentration, EC99 the 99th percentile effective concentration, ND not detected