Table 2.
Factors associated with the prevalence of mild to severe depression at baseline (N = 397)
| Univariable | Multivariablea | |
|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) |
| Female sex (n, %) | 1.55 (1.10, 2.18) | 1.38 (0.98, 1.96) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) |
| Education | ||
| School only (n, %) | Reference | Reference |
| High school (n, %) | 0.63 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.95) |
| University or higher (n, %) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) | 0.50 (0.34, 0.74) |
| Work status | ||
| Full-time employed (n, %) | Reference | Reference |
| Part-time/causal employment (n, %) | 0.80 (0.49, 1.29) | 0.78 (0.49, 1.25) |
| Unemployed/home duties/retired (n, %) | 0.84 (0.57, 1.22) | 1.10 (0.71, 1.70) |
| Work type | ||
| Manual (n, %) | Reference | Reference |
| Office/professional (n, %) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.25) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.22) |
| WOMAC score/ 10 unit | ||
| Pain (0–50) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) |
| Function (0–170) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) |
| Stiffness (0–20) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) |
| Multi-site joint pain, (n, %) | ||
| No pain | Reference | Reference |
| One site | 1.21 (0.85, 1.74) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.51) |
| More than one site | 1.64 (0.93, 2.88) | 1.73 (1.00, 2.98) |
| Comorbidity, (n, %) | ||
| No comorbidity | Reference | Reference |
| One comorbidity | 1.08 (0.75, 1.55) | 1.14 (0.80, 1.65) |
| More than one comorbidity | 2.13 (1.18, 3.86) | 1.98 (1.03, 3.80) |
a All multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI and baseline 25-(OH)D level, except for age (adjusted for sex, BMI and baseline 25-(OH)D level), sex (adjusted for age, BMI and baseline 25-(OH)D level) and BMI (adjusted for age, sex and baseline 25-(OH)D level)
Mild to severe depression was defined as PHQ-9 scores ≥5