Table 4.
Incidence of birth defects in live-born infants and type of malformations according to the classification from code Q00-Q99 in the international classification of Disease,tenth editon
| Characteristics | Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2 N=707) | Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2 N=3663) | Overweight (≥25 kg/m2 N=662) | Underweight vs. normal weight | Overweight vs. normal weight | Overweight vs. underweight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of birth defects, %(n) | 20 (2.83%) | 66 (1.81%) | 12 (1.81%) | 0.058 | 0.541 | 0.151 |
| Singletons | 12/399 (3.01%) | 43/2061 (2.09%) | 9/394 (2.28%) | 0.175 | 0.462 | 0.347 |
| Multiples | 8/308 (2.59%) | 23/1602 (1.44%) | 3/268 (1.12%) | 0.117 | 0.478 | 0.168 |
| Birth defects, by sex,%(n) | ||||||
| Male | 13/378 (3.44%) | 43/1956 (2.19%) | 8/358 (2.23%) | 0.114 | 0.544 | 0.233 |
| Female | 7/329 (2.13%) | 23/1707 (1.35%) | 4/304 (1.32%) | 0.203 | 0.612 | 0.324 |
| Detailed birth defects,%(n) | ||||||
| Q00-Q07 nervous system | 0 | 2 (0.05%) | 0 | 0.411 | 0.393 | / |
| Q10-Q18 eye, ear, face, and neck | 2 (0.28%) | 3 (0.08%) | 0 | 0.187 | 0.486 | 0.525 |
| Q20-Q28 circulatory system | 11 (1.56%) | 36 (0.98%) | 7 (1.06%) | 0.129 | 0.495 | 0.289 |
| Q30-Q34 respiratory system | 0 | 2 (0.05%) | 1 (0.15%) | 0.411 | 0.393 | 0.734 |
| Q35-Q37 cleft lip and cleft palate | 0 | 4 (0.11%) | 0 | 0.587 | 0.393 | / |
| Q38-Q45 digestive system | 0 | 2 (0.05%) | 0 | 0.411 | 0.393 | / |
| Q50-Q56 genital organs | 2 (0.10%) | 2 (0.05%) | 1 (0.15%) | 0.126 | 0.393 | 0.525 |
| Q60-Q64 urinary system | 2 (0.10%) | 5 (0.14%) | 1 (0.15%) | 0.317 | 0.631 | 0.525 |
| Q65-Q79 musculoskeletal system | 1 (0.14%) | 1 (0.03%) | 2 (0.31%) | 0.298 | 0.063 | 0.476 |
| Q80-Q89 other malformations | 1 (0.14%) | 8 (0.25%) | 0 | 0.559 | 0.589 | 0.734 |
| Q90-Q99 chromosomal abnormalities | 1 (0.14%) | 1 (0.03%) | 0 | 0.298 | 0.283 | 0.734 |