Table 3.
Determinants of influenza vaccination during pregnancy in Quito-Ecuador, 2016–2017
| Variable | All n = 842 |
Vaccinated n = 308 n (%) |
Crude PR CI 95% |
Adjusted PR CI 95% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 18–24 | 363 | 131 (36.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–30 | 260 | 98 (37.7) | 1.04 (0.85–1.29) | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) |
| 31–35 | 123 | 42 (34.2) | 0.95 (0.71–1.25) | 0.89 (0.72–1.11) |
| ≥ 36 | 96 | 37 (38.5) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 27 | 8 (29.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Afro-Ecuadorian | 30 | 13 (43.3) | 1.46 (0.72–2.98) | 0.95 (0.68–1.33) |
| Mixed | 723 | 270 (37.3) | 1.26 (0.70–2.27) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) |
| Indigenous | 54 | 15 (27.8) | 0.94 (0.45–1.93) | 0.74 (0.48–1.15) |
| Other | 8 | 2 (25.0) | 0.84 (0.22–3.20) | 0.60 (0.22–1.64) |
| Education | ||||
| Complete higher education or graduate degree | 83 | 23 (27.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Complete secondary education or incomplete higher education | 407 | 157 (38.6) | 1.39 (0.96–2.01) | 1.27 (0.99–1.64) |
| Basic education complete or incomplete high school | 222 | 82 (36.9) | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | 1.30 (0.99–1.71) |
| Illiterate or incomplete basic education | 130 | 46 (35.4) | 1.28 (0.84–1.94) | 1.39 (0.90–1.84) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 288 | 107 (37.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Cohabited with a partner | 376 | 144 (38.3) | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) |
| Separated / Widowed / Divorced - Never Married or Unmarried | 178 | 57 (32.0) | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) |
| Employment | ||||
| Housewife | 172 | 58 (33.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Student | 119 | 38 (31.9) | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) |
| Unemployed | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 0.97 (0.72–1.29) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) |
| Public or private employee | 175 | 61 (34.9) | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) |
| Independent worker | 372 | 150 (40.3) | 0.72 (0.13–3.97) | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) |
| Number of children | ||||
| 0 | 88 | 37 (42.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1–2 | 459 | 169 (36.8) | 1.06 (0.87–1.30) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) |
| 3–6 | 295 | 102 (34.6) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) |
| Antenatal Care | ||||
| ≤ 4 | 161 | 38 (23.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 5 | 681 | 270 (39.7) | 1.67 (1.25–2.25)† | 1.21 (1.01–1.47)† |
| Gestational age at birth | ||||
| < 37 weeks | 122 | 37 (30.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 37 weeks | 720 | 271 (37.6) | 1.24 (0.93–1.65) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) |
| High-risk conditions | ||||
| No | 775 | 290 (37.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 67 | 18 (26.9) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) |
| Distance to health center (minutes) | ||||
| > 30 min | 35 | 9 (25.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 15–30 min | 102 | 35 (34.3) | 1.33 (0.71–2.49) | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) |
| 0–15 min | 696 | 262 (37.6) | 1.46 (0.83–2.59) | 0.79 (0.57–1.08) |
| Knowledge regarding influenza vaccine | ||||
| No | 54 | 25 46.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 721 | 268 (37.2) | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) | 0.91 (0.73–1.12) |
| Do not know/no answer | 67 | 15 (22.4) | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) |
| Knowledge about the transmission of the disease | ||||
| No | 87 | 34 (39.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 666 | 251 (37.7) | 0.96 (0.73–1.28) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) |
| Do not know/no answer | 89 | 23 (25.8) | 0.66 (0.43–1.03) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) |
| Knowledge about the existence of vaccine | ||||
| No | 17 | 3 (17.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 767 | 301 (39.2) | 2.22 (0.79–6.24) | 0.69 (0.25–1.91) |
| Do not know/no answer | 58 | 4 (6.9) | 0.39 (0.10–1.58) | 0.55 (0.17–1.82) |
| Perception about vaccine safety | ||||
| No | 32 | 6 (18.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 678 | 295 (43.5) | 2.32 (1.12–4.80)† | 1.53 (1.03–2.37)† |
| Do not know/no answer | 132 | 7 (5.3) | 0.28 (0.10–0.78) | 0.65 (0.33–1.28) |
| Perception about vaccine effectiveness | ||||
| No | 72 | 29 (40.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 539 | 211 (39.2) | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.87 (0.61–1.2) |
| Do not know/no answer | 231 | 68 (29.4) | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) |
| Recommendation and offer of vaccine | ||||
| No recommendation/non-offer | 397 | 17 (4.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Recommendation / non-offer | 80 | 12 (15.0) | 3.50 (1.74–7.05)† | 3.17 (1.57–6.40)† |
| Recommendation / offer | 336 | 278 (82.7) | 19.32 (12.1–30.85)† | 15.84 (9.62–26.10)† |
†p-value < 0.05
CI Confidence interval, PR Prevalence Ratio