Table 5.
Vaccine efficacy studies against circulating IBV viruses in the MENA region
| Challenge strain: acc. no., name, year, genetic lineage | Vaccine (strain, time) | Bird type & number /group1 | Challenge days post last vaccination (dpv), dose, and route | Sampling (dpc)2 | Protection %3 | Regulation4 | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tracheal virus shedding | Ciliostasis | Ph.Eur. | CFR | ||||||
| AF395531, Egypt/ Beni-Seuf-01, 1998, GI-23 | H120, WK-3 | Com, 15 |
28 dpv, 105, intraocular |
4, 7 | 20% | NT | Noa,b | Noa,b | [44] |
| Unavailable, IS/885/00 like, --, GI-23 | H120 & CR88, D-1 & D-14 | Com, 30 | 16 dpv, 104.6, oculo-nasal | 5 | NT | 60% | Noa,c | Noc,e | [129] |
| H120+CR88 &CR88, D-1&D-14 | NT | 83% | |||||||
| Unavailable, IS/1494/06, --, GI-23 | H120 &CR88, D-1 & D-14 |
16 dpv, 105, oculo-nasal |
5 | NT | 80% | ||||
| H120+CR88 & CR88, D-1 & D-14 | NT | 94% | |||||||
| Unavailable, Israel variant 2 like, --, GI-23 | IBMM (Mass 1263) & QX-like, D-1 & D-14 | SPF, 20 |
35 dpv, 104, oculo-nasal |
5 | NT | 50% | Yes | Nob,e | [130] |
| H120 + D274 & QX-like, D-1 & D-14 |
35 dpv, 104, oculo-nasal |
NT | 70% | ||||||
| H120 + D274, D-1 |
21 dpv, 104, oculo-nasal |
NT | 61% | ||||||
| Unavailable, IS/1494/06 like, --, GI-23 | H120, D-1 & D-14 | SPF, 20 |
21 dpv, 104, ocular |
5 | NI | 60% | Noe | Noe | [131] |
| H120 & 1/96, D-1 & D-14 | NI | 69.2% | |||||||
| MG334195, EG/ M41-ME01, 2011, GI-1 | IB-M41, D-1 | SPF, 20 |
21 dpv, 105, nasal |
7 | 100% | 100% | Yes | Yes | [110] |
| H120, D-1 | 100% | 100% | |||||||
| JQ839287, Eg/1212B, 2012, GI-23 | EGY-VARII, D-1 | 100% | 90% | ||||||
| KU979007.1, IB/1212B, 2012, GI-23 | IB-M41 & EGY-VARII, D-1 & D-14 | SPF, 20 |
14 dpv, 105, nasal |
7 | 60% | 100% | Yesc | Yesc | [107] |
| EGY-VARII, D-1 & D-14 | 60% | 100% | |||||||
| EGY-VARII &M41, D-1 & D-14 | 40% | 80% | |||||||
| IB-Ma5 &IB-793B, D-1 & D-14 | 20% | 60% | |||||||
| IB-793B, D-1 & D-14 | 40% | 50% | |||||||
| IB-793B &IB-Ma5, D-1 & D-14 | 40% | 50% | |||||||
1 Com., commercial; SPF, specific-pathogen-free
2 dpc, days post-challenge
3 Protection % as indicated by % of birds not shedding the virus and protection as per ciliostasis test. NT, not tested; NI, not indicated in the study
4 Ph. Eur., European pharmacopeia regulations; CFR, Code of Federal Regulations.
Superscript letters indicate fulfilled versus unfulfilled regulation as follows: aType of bird (Ph. Eur. SPF bird/CFR susceptible bird); b Number of birds per group (20 birds); c Challenge date post-vaccination (21 dpv); d Sampling date post-challenge (Ph. Eur.:4 to 7 dpc /CFR: 5 dpc); e Test method (Ph. Eur.: ciliostasis or virus re-isolation from each bird/CFR; virus re-isolation from each bird)