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. 2021 Jan 7;12:20. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-02078-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 9 — Schematic diagram showing the role of exosomal ANGPTL3 from human USC-derived exosomes in mediating the protective effect on functional recovery after spinal cord injury by promoting angiogenesis. USC-derived exosomes enriched with ANGPTL3 and are imbedded in hydrogel and used to cover the injured spinal cord surface. The exosomes can cross the spinal cord blood-brain barrier (BBB) and be taken up by spinal cord microvasculature endothelial cells, where ANGPTL3 induces PI3K and AKT phosphorylation and subsequently promotes angiogenesis