Table 5.
Association of famine exposure in early life with overweight and general obesity among females, multinomial logistic regression analysis, North Wollo Zone, Raya Kobo district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019 (n = 1384)
| Famine exposure status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Models | BMI category | Variables | Early life exposed ð | Prenatal exposed | Post-natal exposed | Adolescence exposed |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Crude model | Overweight | Exposed | 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.65, 1.42) | 0.95 (0.65, 1.41) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.44) |
| Obesity | Exposed | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 0.91 (0.60,1.40) | 1.13 (0.74, 1.75) | 1.24 (0.80, 1.90) | |
| Adjusted model | Overweight | Exposed | 0.84 (0.56,1.26) | 1.16 (0.39, 3.40) | 2.79 (0.28, 27.5) | 1.64 (0.39, 6.85) |
| Female | 0.79 (0.58,1.06) | 0.65 (0.43, 1.00) | 0.72 (0.47,1.10) | 0.75 (0.48,1.15) | ||
| Age | 0.99 (0.96,1.02) | 1.08 (0.83,1.40) | 1.19 (0.84,1.69) | 1.02 (0.94,1.10) | ||
| Urban | 0.85 (0.62,1.17) | 0.83 (0.51,1.33) | 0.80 (0.49, 1.28) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.00) | ||
| Illiterate | 0.75 (0.47,1.16)a | 0.58 (0.32,1.06) a | 0.80 (0.42 1.52) | 0.80 (0.42, 1.54) | ||
| Primary school | 0.86 (0.54,1.38) | 0.74 (0.39, 1.40) | 0.80 (0.42, 1.55) | 0.78 (0.39, 1.55) | ||
| Secondary school | 1.05 (0.66,1.66) | 0.73 (0.42,1.29) | 1.17 (0.64, 2.20) | 1.01 (0.53, 1.92) | ||
| Unhealthy dietary pattern | 0.97 (0.74,1.28) | 1.13 (0.76, 1.69) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.20) | 1.88 (0.59,1.30) | ||
| Low physical activity level | 0.69 (0.45,1.07) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.60) | 0.48 (0.24, 0.98) | 0.59 (0.32, 1.11) | ||
| Moderate activity level | 0.48 (0.60,1.17) | 0.68 (0.41, 1.13) | 1.18 (0.74, 1.90) | 0.65 (0.39,1.06) | ||
| Current drinker | 0.85 (0.54,1.36) | 0.54 (0.34,1.25) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.12) | 0.65 (0.31,1.20) | ||
| Current smoker | 0.98 (0.61,1.57) | 0.65 (0.37,1.12) | 0.90 (0.43, 2.22) | 0.30 (0.31, 1.20) | ||
| Obesity | Exposed | 0.85 (0.55,1.33) | 1.04 (0.33, 3.30) | 0.20 (0.01, 2.30) | 2.32 (0.45,13.0) | |
| Female | 0.68 (0.58,0.54)a | 0.57 (0.37, 0.92) a | 0.51 (0.32, 0.82) a | 0.60 (0.37,0.97) | ||
| Age | 0.99 (0.96,1.02) | 1.05 (0.80,1.39) | 1.17 (1.15, 2.52) a | 1.04 (0.95,1.13) | ||
| Urban | 1.15 (0.82,1.62) | 1.59 (1.00, 2.53) a | 1.09 (0.66, 1.180) | 0.90 (0.55,1.48) | ||
| Illiterate | 0.61 (0.37, 1.00) | 0.56 (0.30,1.10) | 0.97 (0.48, 1.96) | 0.54 (0.27, 1.09) | ||
| Primary school | 0.99 (0.61,1.63) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.68) | 0.90 (0.45, 1.83) | 0.81 (0.41, 1.61) | ||
| Secondary school | 0.78 (0.47,1.29) | 0.51 (0.26,0.96) a | 0.77 (0.39, 1.55) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.18) | ||
| Unhealthy dietary pattern | 0.82 (0.60,1.12) | 0.79 (0.52, 1.21) | 0.65 (0.42, 1.00) | 0.80 (0.52,1.25) | ||
| Low physical activity level | 0.09 (0.42, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.51, 2.20) | 0.59 (0.28, 1.27) | 0.76 (0.39, 1.49) | ||
| Moderate activity level | 0.97 (0.67,1.39) | 1.04 (0.63,1.71) | 1.34 (0.80, 2.25) | 0.83 (0.49, 1.41) | ||
| Current drinker | 0.84 (0.57, 1.24) | 0.16 (0.01, 2.25) | 0.24 (0.01, 5.30) | 0.70 (0.36,1.70) | ||
| Current smoker | 1.86 (0.56, 1.32) | 0.64 (0.35,1.17) | 0.28 (0.56, 3.41) | 0.81 (0.53, 1.30) | ||
Normal BMI, Male gender, rural residence, healthy dietary pattern, vigorous, non-smoker/drinker, physical activity above education secondary school education, healthy dietary pattern was reference
aVariables with significant association