Table 3.
The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard models by sex
| Factors | Classification | Men (n = 5,185) | Women (n = 4,847) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI)b | P value | ||
| Age | Continuous | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | < 0.001 |
| PTSD symptoms | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.39 (1.11–1.74) | 0.004 | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 0.067 | |
| Experience of earthquake | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 0.433 | 0.92 (0.62–1.38) | 0.698 | |
| History of mental illness | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.90 (0.58–1.38) | 0.646 | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) | 0.906 | |
| Need for assistance | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.94 (0.61–1.43) | 0.765 | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) | 0.140 | |
| History of cancer | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.50 (1.16–1.95) | 0.002 | 1.45 (1.11–1.90) | 0.007 | |
| History of stroke | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 0.061 | 1.18 (0.89–1.57) | 0.253 | |
| History of heart disease | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.21 (0.97–1.50) | 0.082 | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.001 | |
| History of diabetes mellitus | No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.35 (1.12–1.63) | 0.001 | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 0.122 | |
| Smoking habit | Never smoked | Ref | (trend p = 0.200) | Ref | (trend p = 0.116) |
| Former smoker | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 0.869 | 1.10 (0.75–1.62) | 0.612 | |
| Current smoker | 1.22 (0.92–1.62) | 0.166 | 1.46 (0.95–2.28) | 0.087 | |
| Drinking habit | Never drinks or rarely drinks (less than once a month) | Ref | (trend p = 0.425) | Ref | (trend p = 0.210) |
| Former drinker | 1.28 (0.92–1.77) | 0.141 | 0.90 (0.40–2.04) | 0.798 | |
| Current drinker (more than once a month) | 1.13 (0.90–1.40) | 0.293 | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) | 0.193 | |
| Level of sleep satisfaction | Satisfied with sleep | Ref | (trend p = 0.029) | Ref | (trend p = 0.972) |
| Slightly unsatisfied with sleep | 0.99 (0.80–1.21) | 0.986 | 1.06 (0.90–1.26) | 0.493 | |
| Quite unsatisfied with sleep | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | 0.126 | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) | 0.409 | |
| Very dissatisfied with sleep or does not sleep at all | 1.71 (1.12–2.60) | 0.013 | 1.14 (0.81–1.62) | 0.454 | |
| Exercise habit | Almost daily | Ref | (trend p = 0.819) | Ref | (trend p = 0.310) |
| 2 to 4 times a week | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | 0.503 | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | 0.530 | |
| About once a week | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 0.955 | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) | 0.240 | |
| Almost never | 1.01 (0.78–1.29) | 0.966 | 1.12 (0.90–1.40) | 0.321 | |
a,bAdjusted for age, PCL score, experience of earthquake, history of mental illness, need for assistance, history of cancer, history of stroke, history of heart disease, history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, drinking habit, level of sleep satisfaction, and exercise habit. 95% CI 95% confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, Ref reference, PTSD post–traumatic stress disorder. Cox proportional hazard model; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant