Table 2.
Patient Characteristics Stratified by Maximum Degree of Coronary Artery Involvement
| No. | All Patients | No. | Small CAA | No. | Medium CAA | No. | Large CAA | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute phase presentation | |||||||||
| Men | 1651 | 1184 (72%) | 854 | 623 (73%) | 357 | 245 (69%) | 440 | 316 (72%) | 0.32 |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 1651 | 2.0 (0.7–4.7) | 854 | 2.4 (1.1–5.0) | 357 | 1.5 (0.5–3.8) | 440 | 1.4 (0.4–4.7) | <0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis category, y | 1651 | 854 | 357 | 440 | <0.001 | ||||
| <0.5 | 282 (17%) | 78 (9%) | 76 (21%) | 128 (29%) | |||||
| 0.5 to <1 | 240 (15%) | 113 (13%) | 61 (17%) | 66 (15%) | |||||
| 1 to <5 | 744 (45%) | 447 (52%) | 155 (43%) | 142 (32%) | |||||
| 5 to <10 | 306 (19%) | 171 (20%) | 56 (16%) | 79 (18%) | |||||
| ≥10 | 79 (5%) | 45 (5%) | 9 (3%) | 25 (6%) | |||||
| Any acute readmission | 1508 | 223 (15%) | 757 | 79 (10%) | 331 | 44 (13%) | 420 | 100 (23%) | <0.001 |
| Fever pre‐IVIGs, d | 1578 | 7 (5–10) | 824 | 6 (5–8) | 348 | 7 (5–10) | 406 | 9 (6–14) | <0.001 |
| Fever post‐IVIGs, d | 1527 | 1 (0–3) | 783 | 1 (0–2) | 344 | 1 (0–3) | 400 | 1 (0–5) | <0.001 |
| Total fever duration, d | 1553 | 9 (7–13) | 798 | 8 (6–10) | 348 | 9 (7–12) | 407 | 13 (9–17) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, d | 1576 | 5 (3–8) | 802 | 4 (3–6) | 352 | 5 (3–9) | 422 | 8 (4–15) | <0.001 |
| Conjunctivitis | 1616 | 1462 (91%) | 835 | 756 (91%) | 354 | 317 (90%) | 427 | 389 (91%) | 0.75 |
| Cervical lymphadenopathy | 1616 | 653 (40%) | 835 | 367 (44%) | 354 | 130 (37%) | 427 | 156 (37%) | 0.01 |
| Rash | 1618 | 1386 (86%) | 837 | 717 (86%) | 354 | 315 (89%) | 427 | 354 (83%) | 0.05 |
| Erythema/edema of extremities | 1593 | 978 (61%) | 823 | 527 (64%) | 348 | 206 (59%) | 422 | 245 (58%) | 0.08 |
| Mucosal changes | 1616 | 1237 (77%) | 835 | 677 (81%) | 354 | 256 (72%) | 427 | 304 (71%) | <0.001 |
| No. of KD symptoms | 1597 | 828 | 351 | 418 | 0.006 | ||||
| 1 | 56 (3%) | 26 (3%) | 12 (3%) | 18 (4%) | |||||
| 2 | 175 (11%) | 71 (8%) | 48 (13%) | 56 (13%) | |||||
| 3 | 436 (26%) | 208 (24%) | 101 (28%) | 127 (29%) | |||||
| 4 | 648 (39%) | 363 (43%) | 137 (38%) | 148 (34%) | |||||
| 5 | 282 (17%) | 160 (19%) | 53 (15%) | 69 (16%) | |||||
| Type of KD reported | 1633 | 845 | 355 | 433 | <0.001 | ||||
| Complete | 973 (60%) | 549 (65%) | 199 (56%) | 225 (52%) | |||||
| Incomplete | 660 (40%) | 296 (35%) | 156 (44%) | 208 (48%) | |||||
| Arthritis | 1384 | 170 (12%) | 718 | 87 (12%) | 310 | 24 (8%) | 356 | 59 (17%) | 0.002 |
| Weight before first IVIG dose, kg | 1401 | 13 (9–19) | 700 | 13 (10–19) | 309 | 12 (8–17) | 392 | 11 (8–20) | <0.001 |
| Duration of follow‐up, y | 1651 | 2.1 (0.9–6.4) | 854 | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | 357 | 2.8 (1.0–6.3) | 440 | 5.2 (1.9–8.9) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values at admission | |||||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 1350 | 105.7±14.2 | 732 | 108.6±12.8 | 295 | 103.6±14.2 | 323 | 101.2±15.7 | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 1300 | 0.31±0.04 | 716 | 0.32±0.04 | 282 | 0.31±0.04 | 302 | 0.30±0.04 | <0.001 |
| Red blood cell count, ×1012/L | 1042 | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) | 526 | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 246 | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) | 270 | 3.8 (3.4–4.2) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 1358 | 16.1±6.8 | 729 | 14.9±5.7 | 303 | 16.6±6.7 | 326 | 18.2±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 1339 | 442±220 | 719 | 395±170 | 295 | 467±242 | 325 | 523±265 | <0.001 |
| ESR, mm/h | 1166 | 62 (46–88) | 647 | 60 (45–85) | 257 | 61 (46–85) | 262 | 70 (50–100) | <0.001 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 1140 | 20 (9–84) | 629 | 18 (8– 69) | 246 | 20 (8–96) | 265 | 25 (12–106) | 0.004 |
| Albumin, g/L | 1003 | 31.6±6.4 | 553 | 33.1±6.2 | 222 | 30.8±6.1 | 228 | 28.8±6.2 | <0.001 |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 946 | 36 (25–58) | 494 | 37 (27–61) | 220 | 34 (24–55) | 232 | 33 (24–53) | 0.02 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 1202 | 35 (19–74) | 684 | 38 (20–90) | 259 | 33 (18–64) | 259 | 32 (19–57) | 0.04 |
| Acute treatment | |||||||||
| At least 1 IVIG course | 1646 | 1592 (97%) | 852 | 828 (97%) | 357 | 350 (98%) | 437 | 414 (95%) | 0.03 |
| No. of IVIG doses | 1643 | 852 | 357 | 434 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 54 (3%) | 24 (3%) | 7 (2%) | 23 (5%) | |||||
| 1 | 1009 (61%) | 600 (70%) | 207 (58%) | 202 (46%) | |||||
| 2 | 506 (31%) | 214 (25%) | 125 (35%) | 167 (38%) | |||||
| 3 | 66 (4%) | 14 (2%) | 16 (5%) | 36 (8%) | |||||
| ≥4 | 8 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 6 (1%) | |||||
| Infliximab | 1642 | 214 (13%) | 851 | 86 (10%) | 355 | 51 (14%) | 436 | 77 (18%) | <0.001 |
| Pentoxifylline | 1591 | 7 (0.4%) | 816 | 0 (0%) | 346 | 2 (1%) | 429 | 5 (1%) | 0.01 |
| Immunotherapy | 1591 | 46 (3%) | 816 | 10 (1%) | 346 | 11 (3%) | 429 | 25 (6%) | <0.001 |
| Any steroids | 1594 | 342 (21%) | 817 | 104 (13%) | 348 | 73 (21%) | 429 | 165 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Oral steroids | 1592 | 216 (14%) | 817 | 58 (7%) | 346 | 44 (13%) | 429 | 114 (27%) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous steroids | 1525 | 288 (19%) | 761 | 85 (11%) | 336 | 62 (19%) | 428 | 141 (33%) | <0.001 |
Small CAA: 2.5 ≤ Z < 5; Medium CAA: 5 ≤ Z < 10; Large CAA: Z ≥ 10.
CAA indicates coronary artery aneurysm; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; and KD, Kawasaki disease.