. 2020 Jul 30;9(15):e015916. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015916

Table 3.

Hazard Ratio of Elevated Heart Rate vs Normal Heart Rate for Time to Death or Transplant Within 5 Years of Diagnosis

Outcome	Model 1 (N=557)	Model 2 (N=557)	Model 3 (N=556)	Model 4 (N=451)	Model 5 (N=436)	Model 6 (N=451/451/451)
Death	2.29 (1.44–3.64) <0.001	2.33 (1.46–3.71) <0.001	2.07 (1.29–3.34) 0.002	2.35 (1.38–4.02) 0.002	2.37 (1.33–4.22) 0.004	2.57 (1.50–4.40) 0.001
Transplant	1.65 (1.17–2.32) 0.004	1.53 (1.08–2.16) 0.016	1.21 (0.85–1.74) 0.286	1.30 (0.87–1.94) 0.201	1.18 (0.78–1.77) 0.436	1.30 (0.87–1.94) 0.201
Death or transplant	1.85 (1.41–2.44) <0.001	1.77 (1.34–2.33) <0.001	1.47 (1.11–1.96) 0.008	1.60 (1.16–2.20) 0.004	1.49 (1.07–2.08) 0.018	1.60 (1.15–2.21) 0.005

Outcome

Model 1

(N=557)

Model 2

(N=557)

Model 3

(N=556)

Model 4

(N=451)

Model 5

(N=436)

Model 6

(N=451/451/451)

Death

2.29 (1.44–3.64) <0.001

2.33 (1.46–3.71) <0.001

2.07 (1.29–3.34) 0.002

2.35 (1.38–4.02) 0.002

2.37 (1.33–4.22) 0.004

2.57 (1.50–4.40) 0.001

Transplant

1.65 (1.17–2.32) 0.004

1.53 (1.08–2.16) 0.016

1.21 (0.85–1.74) 0.286

1.30 (0.87–1.94) 0.201

1.18 (0.78–1.77) 0.436

1.30 (0.87–1.94) 0.201

Death or transplant

1.85 (1.41–2.44) <0.001

1.77 (1.34–2.33) <0.001

1.47 (1.11–1.96) 0.008

1.60 (1.16–2.20) 0.004

1.49 (1.07–2.08) 0.018

1.60 (1.15–2.21) 0.005

Data presented are hazard ratios (95% CIs) and P values. Covariates were included based on statistical (bivariate association with heart rate group P<0.05) or clinical significance. Model 1 is univariate Cox regression model with heart rate (HR) variable (elevated HR vs normal HR) only. Model 2 adjusts for age at diagnosis. Model 3 further adjusts for congestive heart failure (Yes/No) in addition to covariates in Model 2. Model 4 further adjusts for left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) z score in addition to covariates included in Model 3. Model 5 further adjusts for medication (including anticongestive therapy, antiarrhythmic, angiotensin‐converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, and beta blocker) in addition to covariates included in Model 4. Model 6 is based on backwards model selection; all covariates deemed statistically or clinically significant were included in the initial model. The final model for death outcome adjusts for LVFS z score and ACE inhibitor use; the final model for heart transplant outcome adjusts for LVFS z score, age at diagnosis, and congestive heart failure; the final model for death or heart transplant outcomes adjusts for LVFS z score, age at diagnosis, congestive heart failure, and ACE inhibitor use.