Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression model: variables associated with involuntary admission (inpatient episodes sample: n = 7881)
| Characteristics | Involuntary admission n = 715 | Voluntary admission n = 7166 | Overall n = 7881 | COR (95% CI)1 | p-value | AOR (95% CI)2 nn= 7047 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | |||||
| Physical restraint | |||||||
| No | 519 (72.6) | 6800 (94.9) | 7319 (92.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 196 (27.4) | 366 (5.1) | 562 (7.1) | 12.96 (10.24–16.41) | < 0.001 | 11.58 (8.90–15.07) | < 0.001 |
| Main diagnosis at discharge | |||||||
| Mood disorders | 148 (20.7) | 2375 (33.2) | 2523 (32.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 375 (52.4) | 2226 (31.2) | 2601 (33.1) | 2.89 (2.35–3.55) | < 0.001 | 2.68 (2.13–3.36) | < 0.001 |
| Personality disorders | 84 (11.8) | 1333 (18.7) | 1417 (18.0) | 1.02 (0.77–1.36) | 0.880 | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) | 0.919 |
| Substance use disorders | 34 (4.8) | 212 (3.0) | 246 (3.1) | 3.04 (2.00–4.64) | < 0.001 | 2.60 (1.64–4.14) | < 0.001 |
| Othersc | 74 (10.3) | 996 (13.9) | 1070 (13.6) | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 0.501 | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) | 0.722 |
| Length of hospitalization (days) | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | 15.8 ± 13.5 | 12.0 ± 11.3 | 12.3 ± 11.6 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | < 0.001 |
| Number of hospitalizations | |||||||
| One | 608 (85.0) | 5410 (75.5) | 6018 (76.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Two | 72 (10.1) | 1094 (15.3) | 1166 (14.8) | 0.63 (0.49–0.82) | < 0.001 | 0.52 (0.39–0.69) | < 0.001 |
| Three | 17 (2.4) | 366 (5.1) | 383 (4.9) | 0.46 (0.28–0.76) | 0.002 | 0.34 (0.20–0.58) | < 0.001 |
| Four or more | 18 (2.5) | 296 (4.1) | 314 (4.0) | 0.58 (0.36–0.95) | 0.032 | 0.39 (0.23–0.67) | 0.001 |
aCOR Crude Odds Ratios
bAOR Adjusted Odds Ratios (adjusted for age, gender and nationality)
cDementias; pervasive developmental disorders; anxiety, dissociative and somatoform disorders; adjustment reactions; acute reactions of stress