Table 1.

Capabilities of solid-state NMR and DNP in biomass research

Samples and techniques	Polymer composition	Structural polymorph	Intermolecular packing	Molecular motion	Water contact
13C-labeled; MAS-ssNMR	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Unlabeled; MAS-ssNMR	In part	No	No	In part	In part
Unlabeled; MAS-DNP	Yes	Yes	In part	Noa	Noa

Technical aspects are categorized as being fully capable (Yes), partially limited by insufficient resolution or sensitivity (In part), and infeasible or unsuitable (No)

^aMAS-DNP is conducted at cryogenic temperature (~ 100 K); therefore, it is unsuitable for investigating molecular motions. It is also better to investigate polymer–water contacts at room temperature