Table 1.
Summary of Included Studies
| Author, y | Sample Size | Study Period | NOS | CHD Types | Age (y) | Male sex | Preoperative Arrhythmia | Location of Lesions | Follow‐Up (y) | Arrhythmia Recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakamoto et al, 2019 40 | 29 | 1993–2014 | 6 | ASD | 54.6±10.2 | 66% | AF, 29 | Biatrial, 29 | 7 (1.7–21.9) | 12/29 (41%)* |
| Gonzalez Corcia et al, 2019 23 | 166 | 1998–2016 | 5 | Various† |
24.8 (23.6–51.4)‡ |
54% |
AF, 25 MRAT, 69 AF+MRAT, 28 Unspecified, 15 None, 29 |
RA, 105 LA, 6 Biatrial, 55 |
1.9 (0.4–5.7)‡ | 33% at 5 y* |
|
Ramdjan and Mouws 2018 39 |
66 | 2001–2017 | 6 | Various† | 56±14 | 47% |
AF, 46 MRAT, 6 AF+MRAT, 14 |
RA, 6 LA, 39 Biatrial, 21 |
2 (1–4)‡ |
AF: 27/60 (45%) MRAT: 6/20 (30%) |
| Engelsgaard et al, 2018 21 | 41 | 2006–2010 | 5 | N/A | 69.2±8.8|| | 72%|| | AF, 41 | Biatrial, 41 | 7.4 (2.7)‡|| | 32/41 (78%)* |
|
Lim et al, 2017 33 |
27 | 1997–2003 | 6 | Various | 3.4±3.7 | 56% | None, 27 | RA, 27 | 15.2±2.9 | 1/27 (4%) |
| Giamberti et al, 2017 22 | 80 | 2002–2013 | 6 | Various† | 39 (18–72) | 60% |
AF, 38 MRAT, 42 |
RA, 47 Biatrial, 33 |
6 (1–12.9) | 15/75 (20%)* |
|
Stulak et al, 2015 44 |
86 | 1995–2012 | 6 | Ebstein | 40 (0.8–72) | 57% |
AF, 61 MRAT, 21 AF+MRAT, 4 |
RA, 62 Biatrial, 24 |
4.5 (0.3–17.1) | 9%*,¶ |
|
Wi et al, 2013 47 |
15 | 2001–2010 | 5 | ASD | 57.8±12.6|| | 55%|| | AF, 15 |
RA, 1 Biatrial, 14 |
3.8±2.3|| | 3/15 (20%) |
|
Shim et al, 2013 41 |
42 | 2000–2011 | 6 | ASD | 52.5±9.5 | 60% | AF, 42 | Biatrial, 42 | 3.2±2.5 | 9/42 (21%) |
|
Nitta et al, 2013 37 |
10 | N/A | 6 | ASD | 54±11 | 70% | AF, 10 |
LA, 2 Biatrial, 8 |
10.8±3.8 | 2/10 (20%) |
|
Im et al, 2013 26 |
56 | 1998–2011 | 6 | ASD | 59 (34–79) | 50% | AF, 56 |
RA, 23 Biatrial, 33 |
4.1 (0.4–12.4) | 10/53 (19%) |
|
Gutierrez 2013 24 |
24 | 2004–2010 | 6 | Various† | 40.9 (14–66) * | 46% |
AF, 5 MRAT, 19 |
RA, 14 LA, 1 Biatrial, 9 |
2.8 (0.1–5.7) * | 5/19 (26%) |
|
Stulak et al, 2012 42 |
187 | 1994–2009 | 5 | Various† | 45 (1–75)|| | 45%|| | AF, 187 |
RA, 146 LA, 10 Biatrial, 31 |
4.1 (0.3–17.2)|| | 11% |
|
Atallah et al, 2012 20 |
29 | 1999–2001 | …# | Various |
2.4 (0.5)‡ 2.7 (1.9)‡ |
53% 43% |
None, 15 None, 14 |
RA, 15 None, 14 |
9.0 (1.2)‡ 9.3 (1.1)‡ |
0/15 (0%) 0/14 (0%) |
|
Mavroudis et al, 2008 36 |
55 | 1987–2007 | 5 | Various | 15.9±12.5|| | N/A |
AF, 11 MRAT, 44 |
RA, 44 Biatrial, 11 |
5±N/A|| | 2/55 (4%) |
|
Lai et al, 2008 32 |
7 | 2003–2007 | 6 | Mostly ASD | 47.1 (19–60) * | 14% | AF, 7 | Biatrial, 7 | 2 (0.3–4) * | 0/7 (0%)* |
|
Lukac et al, 2007 35 |
17 | N/A | 5 | Mostly ASD | 48 (32–58) | 35% |
AF, 5 MRAT, 1 AF+MRAT, 1 None, 10 |
RA, 17 | 0.4 | 2/17 (12%) |
|
Stulak et al, 2006 43 |
99 | 1993–2003 | 6 | Various† | 43 (9–72) | 47% |
AF, 77 MRAT, 22 |
RA, 99 | 2 (N/A–8) | 6/87 (7%)* |
|
Karamlou et al, 2006 28 |
34 | 1969–2005 | 5 | TOF | 37.7 (11.1–62.3)|| | 65%|| | AF/MRAT, 34 | RA, 34 | 5.4 (N/A–31)|| | 3/34 (9%)* |
|
Ohtsuka et al, 2005 38 |
2 | 2002–2005 | 5 | ASD | 56.5±19.8|| | 82%|| | AF, 2 | Biatrial, 2 | 1±0.7|| | 0/2 (0%) |
|
Khositseth et al, 2004 29 |
48 | 1990–2001 | 6 | Ebstein | 56.5±19.8|| | 43%|| | AF/MRAT, 48 | RA, 48 |
RSM: 3.3±2.1 Isthmus: 1.6±1.5 |
11/44 (24%)* |
|
Huang et al, 2000 25 |
3 | 1973–1997 | 4 | Ebstein | 23.9±14.0|| | 47%|| |
AF, 2 AF+MRAT, 1 |
RA, 3 | 13.2±7.1|| | 0/3 (0%)* |
|
Kobayashi et al, 1998 30 |
26 | 1992–1997 | 6 | ASD | 58.2±9.1 | 58% | AF, 26 |
RA, 3 Biatrial, 23 |
2.7±1.7 | 3/26 (12%) |
|
Kamata et al, 1997 27 |
8 | 1993–1995 | 5 | Mostly ASD | 59.8±9.8|| | 48%|| | AF, 8 | Biatrial, 8 | 1 | 2/8 (25%) |
|
Vigano et al, 1996 46 |
8 | 1989–1994 | 5 | ASD | N/A | N/A | AF, 8 | RA, 8 | 0.3 to 4.3 | 1/8 (13%) |
|
Lin et al, 1996 34 |
2 | N/A | 5 | ASD | 53, 64 | 50% | AF, 2 | RA, 2 | 1.3, 2.7 | 1/2 (50%) |
|
Kosakai et al, 1995 31 |
2 | 1992–1994 | 5 | VSD, Ebstein | 57.7±9.0|| | 43%|| | AF, 2 | Biatrial, 2 | 1.9±0.5|| | 0/2 (0%) |
|
Suwalski et al, 1994 45 |
3 | 1993–1994 | 4 | ASD | 43 (27–55)|| | 71%|| | AF, 3 | Biatrial, 3 | 0.4 (0.3–1.2)|| | 0/3 (0%) |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; ASD, atrial septal defect; CHD, congenital heart disease; LA, left atrium; MRAT, macroreentrant atrial tachycardia; N/A, not available; NOS, Newcastle Ottawa Scale; RA, right atrium; RSM, right‐sided maze; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; and VSD, ventricular septal defect.
* Recurrence of preoperative arrhythmia or other atrial tachyarrhythmias (not specified).
<25% Fontan conversions.
Age and follow‐up duration expressed as mean±SD, median (minimum–maximum) or minimum–maximum unless indicated otherwise: ‡Median (interquartile range), §mean (minimum–maximum).
Study population was part of a larger cohort; data were not specified. Data from the entire cohort or most appropriate subgroup are displayed.
Outcome measure: recurrence or on anti‐arrhythmic drugs.
Randomized controlled trial. Overall risk of bias: low.