Table 3.
Anti‐Arrhythmic Drugs
| Author, y |
Postoperative AAD Policy (Indication, Duration, Class) |
Preoperative AAD Use | Postoperative AAD Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sakamoto et al, 2019 40 | All patients, max. 3 mo, AAD class N/A | … | … |
| Gonzalez Corcia et al, 2019 23 | … |
Class I, III*: 24/77 without recurrence 11/24 with recurrence |
Class I, III*: 23/77 without recurrence 13/24 with recurrence |
| Ramdjan and Mouws 2018 39 | … |
Class I to IV, digoxin: MRAT, 5/6 AF, 58/60 |
Class I to IV, digoxin: MRAT, N/A AF, 50/60 27/33 without recurrence 23/27 with recurrence |
| Engelsgaard et al, 2018 21 | All patients, at least early postoperative, AAD class N/A | … | … |
| Lim et al, 2017 33 | … | … |
Class II, 2/27 |
| Giamberti et al, 2017 22 | All patients, at least 3 mo, AAD class III (amiodarone) |
AAD class N/A 51/80 |
AAD class N/A 12/75 |
| Stulak et al, 2015 44 | AF, 3 mo, AAD class III | … | … |
| Wi et al, 2013 47 | … | … |
Class I/III: PAF, : 0/3 PeAF, 5/12 without recurrence |
| Shim et al, 2013 41 |
AF, duration N/A AAD class III (amiodarone) |
… | … |
| Nitta et al, 2013 37 | … | … | … |
| Im et al,2013 26 | AF, AAD class I/III 3 mo, digoxin >3 mo | … | … |
| Gutierrez et al, 2013 24 | … |
Class I, III: 8/19 Class II, digoxin: 16/19 |
Class I, III: 4/19 Class II, digoxin: 13/19 |
| Stulak et al, 2012 42 | … | … | … |
| Atallah et al, 2012 20 | … | … | … |
| Mavroudis et al, 2008 36 | … | … | … |
| Lai et al, 2008 32 | All patients, max. 3 mo, AAD class III (amiodarone) | … | 0/7 |
| Lukac et al, 2007 35 | … | … |
Class I, III: 0/17 Class II, digoxin: 1/17 |
| Stulak et al, 2006 43 | AF, 3 mo, AAD class III |
Cardiac medications: 77/99 Class II: 22% Class III (amiodarone): 15% Digoxin: 42% |
Class I: 1/87 Class II: 12/87 Class III (amiodarone): 8/87 Class IV: 1/87 Digoxin: 24/87 |
| Karamlou et al, 2006 28 | … | … | … |
| Ohtsuka et al, 2005 38 | All patients, duration N/A, digoxin | … | … |
| Khositseth et al, 2004 29 | … | … |
RSM, 4/35 AAD class N/A CTI, 1/9 AAD class III (amiodarone) |
| Huang et al, 2000 25 | … | … | … |
| Kobayashi et al, 1998 30 | … | … | … |
| Kamata et al, 1997 27 | … | … | … |
| Vigano et al, 1996 46 | All patients, duration N/A, AAD class III (amiodarone) | … | Class III (amiodarone): 1/7 |
| Lin et al, 1996 34 | … | Class I, digoxin: 1/2 | 0/2 |
| Kosakai et al, 1995 31 | All patients, until stable SR, AAD class N/A | … | … |
| Suwalski et al, 1994 45 | All patients, 3 mo, AAD class II | Class I to IV, digoxin: 3/3 | … |
AAD indicates anti‐arrhythmic drugs; AF, atrial fibrillation; CTI, exclusive cavotricuspid isthmus ablation; MRAT, macroreentrant atrial tachycardia; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PeAF, persistent atrial fibrillation; RSM, right‐sided maze; and SR, sinus rhythm.
Outcomes from sub‐analysis at 1‐year follow‐up