Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Across Night‐Eating Habits
| Night Eating |
Never or Rarely (n=6625) |
Some Days (n=610) |
Most Days (n=536) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 46.1±10.5 | 42.4±8.7 | 44.1±9.3 | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 69.7 | 80.5 | 82.1 | <0.001 |
| College or above, % | 17.6 | 18.4 | 11.6 | 0.03 |
| Manual labor, % | 80.5 | 81.6 | 89.0 | 0.002 |
| Married, % | 95.2 | 91.5 | 94.6 | 0.02 |
| Current smoker, % | 39.7 | 50.3 | 42.6 | <0.001 |
| Current drinker, % | 35.8 | 57.2 | 46.4 | <0.001 |
| Physical exercise, % | 24.1 | 24.3 | 25.6 | 0.009 |
| Antihypertensive drug, % | 10.1 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 0.006 |
| Sleep duration, h | 7.86±1.61 | 7.83±1.68 | 8.05±1.91 | 0.04 |
| Insomnia, % | 4.6 | 11.1 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Frequent snoring, % | 11.1 | 14.9 | 11.0 | 0.02 |
| Everyday breakfast, % | 82.9 | 61.5 | 82.8 | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1668±562 | 1724±624 | 1685±559 | 0.08 |
| DASH diet‐quality score | 26.1±4.7 | 26.1±4.5 | 26.1±4.6 | 0.91 |
| baPWV, cm/s | 1408±275 | 1385±241 | 1401±234 | 0.10 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8±3.3 | 24.9±3.3 | 24.4±3.1 | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130±17 | 129±15 | 129±16 | 0.05 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.31±0.61 | 5.25±0.63 | 5.30±0.62 | 0.13 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.96±0.76 | 2.86±0.76 | 2.87±0.72 | <0.001 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.41±0.43 | 1.40±0.60 | 1.40±0.34 | 0.71 |
baPWV indicates brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity; and DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.