Table 3.
Associations of Marginal, Low and Very Low Food Security With Mortality Among 27 188 US Adults ≥40 Years of Age (NHANES, 1999–2014)
| Mortality | High Food Security | Marginal Food Security | Low Food Security | Very Low Food Security |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause mortality | 4081/21 178 | 383/2333 | 354/2219 | 221/1458 |
| Unadjusted model | Ref | 1.30 (1.14–1.48) | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 | Ref | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 1.20 (1.04–1.39) | 1.32 (1.07–1.62) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 | Ref | 1.25 (1.07–1.45) | 1.20 (1.04–1.39) | 1.31 (1.06–1.61) |
| CVD mortality | 859/21 178 | 94/2333 | 78/2219 | 53/1458 |
| Unadjusted model | Ref | 1.41 (1.09–1.83) | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 1.37 (0.96–1.95) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 1 | Ref | 1.34 (1.02–1.77) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) | 1.53 (1.04–2.26) |
| Multivariable adjusted model 2 | Ref | 1.32 (0.99–1.75) | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 1.48 (1.02–2.17) |
Multivariable adjusted model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity levels, total energy intake, and overall diet quality indicated by Healthy Eating Index 2010 score. Multivariable adjusted model 2: multivariable adjusted model 1 + baseline diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index status. CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.