Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Normal Microvascular Function Versus CMED as Measured by Percent Change or Coronary Blood Flow With Successive Intracoronary Acetylcholine Infusion
| Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Function | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Normal N=675 |
Abnormal N=743 |
||
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Age, y | 50±12.4 | 52.1±12.2 | 0.0003 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 464 (68.7) | 472 (63.5) | 0.04 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5 (24.2; 32.4) | 29.1 (25.0; 32.8) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 545 (80.5) | 606 (81.6) | 0.69 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 124±17 | 124±17 | 0.56 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 75±10 | 75±10 | 0.88 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 60 (8.9) | 98 (13.2) | 0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3 (5.0 to 5.6) | 5.4 (5.1 to 5.7) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 392 (48.0) | 437 (58.8) | 0.77 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 104±37 | 100±35 | 0.02 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 55±18 | 53±17 | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 102 [70; 153] | 107 [76; 158] | 0.14 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.94±0.28 | 0.97±0.26 | 0.07 |
| CKD, n (%) | 74 (11.0) | 95 (12.8) | 0.3 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 332 (49.3) | 323 (43.5) | 0.03 |
| ΔCBF (%) | 110 (76; 161) | −4 (−31 to 22) | <0.0001 |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 8 (6 to 9) | 8 (6 to 10) | 0.006 |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 344 (51.0) | 411 (55.3) | 0.1 |
| Statin, n (%) | 253 (37.5) | 336 (45.2) | 0.003 |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 431 (63.9) | 494 (66.5) | 0.3 |
| Antidiabetics, n (%) | 36 (5.3) | 69 (9.3) | 0.01 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 108 (16.0) | 129 (17.4) | 0.5 |
| B‐vitamin use, n (%) | 160 (23.7) | 184 (24.8) | 0.64 |
BP indicates blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CMED, coronary endothelial microvascular dysfunction; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; and ΔCBF, blood flow change.