Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
|
Variable |
Overall (n=1603) |
GDF15 | NT‐proBNP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Tertile 1 (n=533) |
Tertile 2 (n=536) |
Tertile 3 (n=534) |
Tertile 1 (n=528) |
Tertile 2 (n=531) |
Tertile 3 (n=531) |
||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 68.7 (5.7) | 68.0 (5.7) | 68.6 (5.7) | 69.5 (5.6) | 68.3 (5.8) | 68.6 (5.7) | 69.1 (5.6) |
| Women | 844 (52.7) | 304 (36.0) | 281 (33.3) | 259 (30.7) | 216 (25.8) | 313 (37.4) | 308 (36.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 132.3 (19.2) | 132.0 (19.0) | 132.4 (18.8) | 132.6 (19.9) | 130.2 (15.6) | 132.3 (18.7) | 134.4 (22.2) |
| BMI, median (quartile 1–quartile 3), kg/m2 | 27.4 (24.7–30.9) | 27.1 (24.6–29.9) | 27.3 (24.7–30.7) | 28.0 (24.8–31.7) | 28.2 (25.3–31.1) | 27.5 (24.8–30.4) | 26.7 (23.9–30.6) |
| GDF15, median (quartile 1–quartile 3), pg/mL | 766.0 (602.0–1010.0) | 552.0 (488.0–633.0) | 749.0 (661.0–879.0) | 1165.0 (936.0–1540.0) | 716.5 (577.5–916.5) | 746.0 (593.0–974.0) | 831.0 (656.0–1150.0) |
| NT‐proBNP, median (quartile 1–quartile 3), pg/mL | 272.5 (130.0–538.0) | 224.0 (116.0–412.0) | 265.5 (128.0–495.0) | 364.5 (155.5–798.5) | 95.0 (63.3–130.0) | 265.0 (192.0–366.0) | 752.0 (487.0–1190.0) |
| Education | |||||||
| No high school degree | 101 (6.5) | 22 (21.8) | 31 (30.7) | 48 (47.5) | 28 (27.7) | 30 (29.7) | 43 (42.6) |
| High school degree | 527 (33.8) | 158 (30.0) | 183 (34.7) | 186 (35.3) | 179 (34.2) | 172 (32.9) | 172 (32.9) |
| Some years of college | 452 (29.0) | 148 (32.7) | 158 (35.0) | 146 (32.3) | 150 (33.4) | 158 (35.2) | 141 (31.4) |
| College degree | 478 (30.7) | 188 (39.3) | 155 (32.4) | 135 (28.2) | 155 (32.8) | 160 (33.9) | 157 (33.3) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 702 (43.9) | 187 (26.6 | 219 (31.2) | 296 (42.2) | 189 (27.1) | 217 (31.1) | 292 (41.8) |
| Current smoker | 135 (8.4) | 14 (10.4) | 36 (26.7) | 85 (63.0) | 44 (32.8) | 55 (41.0) | 35 (26.1) |
| ApoE4 allele | 356 (22.5) | 110 (30.9) | 110 (30.9) | 136 (38.2) | 102 (28.9) | 116 (32.9) | 135 (38.2) |
| Prevalent CVD | 303 (18.9) | 54 (17.8) | 95 (31.4) | 154 (50.8) | 57 (19.1) | 71 (23.8) | 171 (57.2) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 95 (5.9) | 17 (17.9) | 34 (35.8) | 44 (46.3) | 12 (12.6) | 14 (14.7) | 69 (72.6) |
| Stroke | 42 (2.6) | 7 (16.7) | 9 (21.4) | 26 (61.9) | 11 (26.8) | 9 (20.0) | 21 (51.2) |
| CHF | 26 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (23.1) | 20 (76.9) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (3.9) | 23 (88.5) |
| eGFR, median (quartile 1–quartile 3), mL/min | 77.5 (66.3–87.2) | 81.7 (71.6–89.3) | 78.2 (67.7–87.4) | 70.6 (56.7–83.6) | 79.8 (68.4–88.4) | 78.2 (67.3–87.1) | 74.3 (63.4–85.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 263 (16.6) | 59 (22.4) | 59 (22.4) | 145 (55.1) | 92 (35.4) | 75 (28.9) | 93 (35.8) |
Data are given as number (percentage), unless otherwise indicated. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were defined at examination 7. Stroke and CHF are included in prevalent CVD. The mean (SD) for natural log‐transformed GDF15 was 6.7 (0.4); and it was 5.6 (1.1) for NT‐proBNP. ApoE4 indicates apolipoprotein E4; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; and NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide.