Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Classified by Outcome Status (N=5509)
| Death | CVCO | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | P Value | No | Yes | P Value | |
| n=5040 | n=469 | n=4741 | n=768 | |||
| Age, y | 64.1±9.8 | 68.1±9.3 | <0.001 | 64.0±9.8 | 67.0±9.2 | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 1569 (31.1) | 129 (27.5) | 0.1 | 1466 (30.9) | 232 (30.2) | 0.69 |
| Race | 0.002 | 0.014 | ||||
| White | 2755 (54.7) | 267 (56.9) | 2565 (54.1) | 457 (59.5) | ||
| Black | 121 (2.4) | 12 (2.6) | 113 (2.4) | 20 (2.6) | ||
| Asian | 1876 (37.2) | 143 (30.5) | 1775 (37.4) | 244 (31.8) | ||
| Native American | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Pacific Islander | 9 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (0.1) | 4 (0.5) | ||
| Other | 278 (5.5) | 45 (9.6) | 280 (5.9) | 43 (5.6) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7±5.9 | 29.3±6.0 | 0.09 | 29.7±5.9 | 29.9±6.0 | 0.35 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 137.4±16.2 | 140.4±17.0 | <0.001 | 137.2±16.1 | 140.9±16.8 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 74.4±9.7 | 73.8±10.5 | 0.2 | 74.5±9.7 | 73.8±10.1 | 0.07 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72.3±12.4 | 72.6±13.1 | 0.61 | 72.5±12.4 | 71.8±12.8 | 0.21 |
| Smoking status | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||||
| No smoker | 2498 (49.6) | 210 (44.8) | 2359 (49.8) | 349 (45.4) | ||
| Former | 1822 (36.2) | 193 (41.2) | 1715 (36.2) | 300 (39.1) | ||
| Current | 720 (14.3) | 66 (14.1) | 667 (14.1) | 119 (15.5) | ||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.2±1.7 | 12.8±1.8 | <0.001 | 13.2±1.7 | 13.0±1.8 | 0.004 |
| Serum albumin, mg/dL | 4.3±0.4 | 4.1±0.5 | <0.001 | 4.3±0.4 | 4.1±0.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 46.2±12.7 | 46.9±13.9 | 0.25 | 46.2±12.7 | 46.6±13.3 | 0.43 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 98.4±36.9 | 100.4±38.1 | 0.25 | 97.7±36.6 | 103.5±39.3 | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.5±0.5 | 4.5±0.5 | 0.65 | 4.5±0.5 | 4.5±0.5 | 0.26 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.7±1.5 | 7.9±1.7 | 0.015 | 7.7±1.5 | 7.9±1.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 60.8±16.7 | 62.8±18.9 | 0.015 | 60.6±16.5 | 63.2±18.7 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 58.0±23.0 | 51.2±20.1 | <0.001 | 58.1±23.0 | 53.0±20.8 | <0.001 |
| eGFR category | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| <30 | 111 (2.2) | 21 (4.5) | 108 (2.3) | 24 (3.1) | ||
| 30 to <45 | 1431 (28.4) | 192 (40.9) | 1331 (28.1) | 292 (38.0) | ||
| 45 to <60 | 1779 (35.3) | 152 (32.4) | 1682 (35.5) | 249 (32.4) | ||
| ≥60 | 1719 (34.1) | 104 (22.2) | 1620 (34.2) | 203 (26.4) | ||
| UACR geometric mean, mg/g | 209.2 (198.1–220.9) | 228.1 (188.1–276.5) | 0.37 | 206.4 (195.2–218.3) | 239.6 (205.9–278.9) | 0.05 |
| UACR, median (IQR) | 301.9 (62.8–894.9) | 284.6 (53.9–1272.1) | 0.31 | 297.9 (64.5–863.7) | 320.9 (52.8–1340.1) | 0.015 |
| UACR category | 0.59 | 0.67 | ||||
| <20 | 708 (14.0) | 69 (14.7) | 661 (13.9) | 116 (15.1) | ||
| 20 to <200 | 1245 (24.7) | 124 (26.4) | 1183 (25.0) | 186 (24.2) | ||
| ≥200 | 3087 (61.3) | 276 (58.8) | 2897 (61.1) | 466 (60.7) | ||
| BB on ECG | 480 (9.5) | 86 (18.3) | <0.001 | 438 (9.2) | 128 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| LVH on ECG | 340 (6.7) | 51 (10.9) | <0.001 | 319 (6.7) | 72 (9.4) | 0.008 |
| Q wave on ECG | 315 (6.3) | 53 (11.3) | <0.001 | 296 (6.2) | 72 (9.4) | 0.001 |
| T2DM diagnosis time, y | 0.29 | 0.16 | ||||
| >5 | 4124 (81.8) | 395 (84.2) | 3870 (81.6) | 649 (84.5) | ||
| 1–5 | 738 (14.6) | 63 (13.4) | 705 (14.9) | 96 (12.5) | ||
| <1 | 178 (3.5) | 11 (2.3) | 166 (3.5) | 23 (3.0) | ||
| Insulin use | 2912 (57.8) | 300 (64.0) | 0.009 | 2712 (57.2) | 500 (65.1) | 0.001 |
| Statin use | 3220 (63.9) | 293 (62.5) | 0.54 | 2996 (63.2) | 517 (67.3) | 0.027 |
| β‐Blocker use | 2453 (48.7) | 261 (55.7) | 0.004 | 2258 (47.6) | 456 (59.4) | <0.001 |
| ACEi use | 2143 (43.5) | 230 (50.1) | 0.006 | 1989 (43.0) | 384 (50.9) | <0.001 |
| ARB use | 2904 (58.6) | 241 (52.4) | 0.01 | 2757 (59.1) | 388 (51.5) | <0.001 |
| Aliskiren use | 2509 (49.8) | 237 (50.5) | 0.76 | 2346 (49.5) | 400 (52.1) | 0.18 |
| History of HF | 467 (9.3) | 113 (24.1) | <0.001 | 396 (8.4) | 184 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| History of CABG | 578 (11.5) | 64 (13.6) | 0.16 | 517 (10.9) | 125 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI | 715 (14.2) | 72 (15.4) | 0.49 | 659 (13.9) | 128 (16.7) | 0.042 |
| History of MI | 735 (14.6) | 108 (23.0) | <0.001 | 662 (14.0) | 181 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| History of unstable angina | 443 (8.8) | 60 (12.8) | 0.004 | 394 (8.3) | 109 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke | 476 (9.4) | 66 (14.1) | 0.001 | 434 (9.2) | 108 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| History of TIA | 211 (4.2) | 27 (5.8) | 0.11 | 183 (3.9) | 55 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| History of amputation | 160 (3.2) | 34 (7.2) | <0.001 | 158 (3.3) | 36 (4.7) | 0.06 |
| History of ulcer | 147 (2.9) | 29 (6.2) | <0.001 | 145 (3.1) | 31 (4.0) | 0.15 |
| History of AF | 381 (7.6) | 79 (16.8) | <0.001 | 336 (7.1) | 124 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| History of atrial flutter | 20 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 0.44 | 19 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | 0.63 |
| Pacemaker | 114 (2.3) | 18 (3.8) | 0.033 | 99 (2.1) | 33 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 389.5±1091.9 | 1267.9±2611.8 | <0.001 | 357.1±1040.3 | 1126.1±2286.5 | <0.001 |
| hs‐TnT, ng/L | 18.2±17.9 | 39.1±124.9 | <0.001 | 17.9±17.7 | 32.9±98.6 | <0.001 |
Data are shown as mean±SD or n (%) except as noted. ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BB, any bundle branch block; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CVCO, cardiovascular composite outcome; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HF, heart failure; hs‐TnT, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin; IQR, interquartile range; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischemic attack; and UACR, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.