Table 1.
Baseline Demographic, Clinical, and Echocardiographic Characteristics of the Study Population With Severe Aortic Stenosis According to CKD Stage
| Variable | No CKD (n=2552) | Mild CKD (n=860) | Moderate CKD (n=477) | Severe CKD n=230) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, baseline data and symptoms | |||||
| Age, y | 76±10 | 80±7* | 81±7* | 80±8* | <0.001 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 1362 (53.4%) | 362 (42.1%)‡ | 162 (34.0%)‡ | 96 (41.7%)‡ | <0.001 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.83±0.2 | 1.82±0.2 | 1.80±0.2‡ | 1.81±0.2 | 0.015 |
| NYHA (n, %) | |||||
| 1–2 | 1810 (70.9%) | 549 (63.8%)* | 264 (55.3%)* | 107 (46.5%)* | <0.001 |
| 3–4 | 742 (29.1%) | 311 (36.2%)* | 213 (44.7%)* | 123 (53.5%)* | |
| Medical history and risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1738 (68.1%) | 640 (74.4%)‡ | 384 (80.5%)* | 191 (83.0%)* | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 613 (24.0%) | 237 (27.6%) | 139 (29.1%) | 96 (41.7%)* | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 1156 (45.3%) | 422 (49.1%) | 239 (50.1%) | 120 (52.2%)‡ | 0.033 |
| Prior myocardial infarction (n, %) | 174 (6.8%) | 82 (9.5%) | 63 (13.2%)* | 33 (14.3%)* | <0.001 |
| Prior atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 543 (21.3%) | 266 (30.9%)* | 162 (34.0%)* | 95 (41.3%)* | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (without age and renal failure) | 2.6±2.1 | 3.5±2.1* | 2.2±1.9* | 2.7±2.3 | <0.001 |
| Euroscore II§ | 2.7±2.8 | 3.9±3.7* | 4.4±3.9* | 5.0±5.1* | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||||
| Aortic valve | |||||
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.71 (0.57–0.85) | 0.70 (0.56–0.84) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | 0.73 (0.57–0.85) | 0.330 |
| Peak aortic jet velocity, m/s | 4.30 (3.80–4.79) | 4.26 (3.70–4.78)‡ | 4.10 (3.60–4.53)* | 4.03 (3.47–4.56)* | <0.001 |
| Transaortic mean pressure gradient, mm Hg | 46 (35–58) | 45 (33–58) | 41 (30–53)* | 40 (29–51)* | <0.001 |
| Indexed stroke volume, mL/m2 ‖ | 39 (32–45) | 37 (30–44) | 36 (30–44)‡ | 36 (29–46)‡ | 0.001 |
| Left and right ventricular function | |||||
| LV end‐diastolic diameter, mm | 47 (42–52) | 47 (42–53) | 47 (43–53) | 49 (43–53)‡ | 0.012 |
| LV end‐systolic diameter, mm | 30 (25–35) | 30 (24–35) | 31 (26–38)* | 31 (27–38)* | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 62 (56–67) | 62 (65–68) | 59 (51–65)* | 60 (50–65)* | <0.001 |
| sPAP, mm Hg¶ | 30 (25–38) | 33 (25–41)‡ | 35 (26–45)* | 38 (30–51)* | <0.001 |
Continuous normally distributed variables are expressed as mean±1 SD, non‐normally distributed continuous variables are expressed as median (25th and 75th percentiles), and categorical variables as percentages and counts. AS indicates aortic stenosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LV, left ventricular; NYHA New York Heart Association class; and sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure.
P<0.001 individual category vs no CKD.
‡
P<0.05 individual category vs no CKD.
§
Available for 3796 patients.
‖
Available for 3939 patients.
¶
Available for 3241 patients.