Fig. 2. Optimization of confocal and SD images during sensorless wavefront correction:

(a) Mean intensity of confocal channel and (b) non-confocal channels as DM converged to the optimal shape in a healthy emmetrope, subject 3. Nine trials were taken in which convergence was stopped at various time points. Error bars display standard error in intensity value. Orange, purple, and green indicate t= 0, t= 5.66, and t= 21.16 s, respectively. (c-e) Confocal images averaged from 5 frames each and their (l-n) corresponding SD images, respectively. To the right of the images, the log₁₀ magnitudes of the Discrete Fourier Transform are displayed in (f-h) and (o-q) revealing Yellott’s ring. Adjusted average radial cross sections of Fourier transformed images are shown in (i-k) and (r-t) for confocal and SD images calculated as in [20], respectively. The location and height of the spectral peak corresponding to the modal cone spatial frequency, C_f (pixels⁻¹) is denoted by a red line. Metrics of detected cone frequency, spectral peak height, and spectral sharpness (the sum of squared intensity values divided by the sum of intensity values [22]) are shown.