Table 3. Study results.
Table of raw measurements.
| INTRA-RATER RELIABILITIES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rater | Mean (SD) | ICC | 95% CI | SEM | MDC | |
| Digital inclinometer (degrees) | Clinician | −1.50 (±2.30) | 0.87 | 0.52, 0.96 | 0.83 | 2.30 |
| Clinician in training | 0.90 (2.20) | 0.90 | 0.68, 0.97 | 0.70 | 1.93 | |
| iPhone (degrees) | Clinician | −0.50 (4.10) | 0.75 | 0.16, 0.92 | 2.05 | 5.68 |
| Clinician in training | 0.30 (2.60) | 0.90 | 0.68, 0.97 | 0.82 | 2.28 | |
| PC | −1.80 (2.40) | 0.90 | 0.49, 0.97 | 0.76 | 2.10 | |
| Distance (mm) | Clinician | −2.20 (10.00) | 0.96 | 0.86, 0.99 | 2.00 | 5.54 |
| Clinician in training | −2.00 (7.10) | 0.98 | 0.96, 0.99 | 1.00 | 2.78 | |
| PC | 0.43 (7.80) | 0.97 | 0.88, 0.99 | 1.35 | 3.74 | |
| INTER-RATER RELIABILITIES | ||||||
| Raters | Mean (SD) | ICC | 95% CI | |||
| Digital inclinometer (degrees) | Clinician/clinician in training | −0.01 (2.90) | 0.80 | 0.32–0.94 | ||
| iPhone (degrees) | Clinician/clinician in training | −0.90 (4.60) | 0.68 | 0.06–0.90 | ||
| Distance (mm) | Clinician/clinician in training | 3.60 (11.10) | 0.95 | 0.84–0.98 | ||
| CRITERION VALIDITY | ||||||
| Raters | Mean (SD) | ICC | 95% CI | |||
| iPhone (degrees) | Clinician/PC | −2.3 (4.90) | 0.62 | −0.11, 0.88 | ||
| Distance (mm) | Clinician/PC | −8.8 (12.80) | 0.89 | 0.58, 0.97 | ||
Notes.
Abbreviations
- SD
- standard deviation
- ICC
- intraclass correlation coefficient
- CI
- confidence interval
- SEM
- standard error of measurement
- MDC
- minimal detectable change
- PC
- parent/carer