Table III.

Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses studies addressed predictors of response to intra-articular corticosteroids in knee osteoarthritis

Authors (year)	Type and purpose of studies	Treatment outcomes	Predictors of response to treatment
Gaffney et al. (1995) [16]	Uncontrolled clinical trial in 84 patients with KOA	Clinical improvement	Presence of joint effusion, joint aspiration predicted outcome
Jones et al. (1996) [14]	RCT of 59 patients with symptomatic KOA	A significant short-term reduction in knee pain as compared with placebo group	No clinical predictor was found
Chao et al. (2010) [34]	RCT of 40 mg IATH vs. placebo in 79 patients with symptomatic KOA	Short duration of pain relief (4–12 weeks)	Non-inflammatory synovial hypertrophy
Hirsch et al. (2013) [55]	A meta-analysis of 21 studies	Identification of a predictor response	No predictor was found based on radiographic findings, clinical or sonographic evidence of inflammation or synovial hypertrophy
Maricar et al. (2013) [49]	A meta-analysis of 11 studies	To address clinical efficacy of treatment	Presence of effusion, baseline severity of symptoms

KOA – knee osteoarthritis, IATH – intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide, RCT – randomized controlled trial.