Figure 6.

Gene expression barplots of the average relative expression (Log₁₀) for parent (F0) Daphnia that are (A) control, or exposed to the different TiO₂ NMs (B–D), and the relative gene expression levels of the first (F1B1), third (F1B3) and fifth (F1B5) broods born of the F0 parent in either continuous (B and C) or removed (C and E) exposure determined after 24 h. Error bars show the standard deviation and the NM gene interaction statistics are presented in Supplemental tables. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Key = Glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydrogenase (NADH), β-Actin (B-Actin), catalase (CAT), metallothionein (MET), DNA Polymerase (DNA-poly) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO1). All genes are normalised to 18S ribosomal RNA (18S).