Figure 1.

The 4 latent factors identified by exploratory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis identified 4 latent factors that explained 83% of variance in the data. The 4 factors are outlined with percentage of variance explained by each factor in each oval on the left. The variables and their loadings are listed for each factor on the right: Factor 1 described the format of journal club (JC; 31.5% of data variance): Longer duration with higher number of discussed articles, evening time of the day, complimentary food, and higher faculty attendance were positively correlated with Factor 1. On-campus only location had negative correlation. Factor 2 described the importance and educational structure of JCs (21.5% of data variance): Higher importance rating of JCs, presented by faculty and more structure had positive correlation with Factor 2. Factor 3 included the preparation for and attendance of the JC (16.0% of data variance): Formal appraisal of articles, as well as mandatory and recorded attendance had positive association with Factor 3. Factor 4 characterized resident involvement in JC (13.7% of variance): Increased resident participation in selecting articles and JC moderation had positive correlation with Factor 4. Higher faculty attendance had positive correlation, while higher frequency of JCs a negative correlation with Factor 4. The result is based on the correlation matrix of variables, used principal factor analysis method to extract factors with priors = squared multiple correlation, the number of factors were determined by scree plot and eigen values >1.

^a Loadings for Factor 1, Factor 2, and Factor 4.

^b Loadings for Factor 2 and Factor 3.