Table 1.

Journal Club (JC) Features Associated With Higher Average Resident Attendance

Variable Name	Univariable Analysis			Multivariable Analysisa
	Parameter Estimate (SE)	t Value	P Valueb	Parameter Estimate (SE)	t Value	P Valueb
Location: on campus onlyc	−11.2 (5.6)	−2.01	.045
Frequencyd
Monthly	26.6 (7.5)	3.55	<.001	12.2 (4.3)	2.80	.005
Less frequently than monthlye	27.9 (7.9)	3.51	<.001	15.3 (4.7)	3.26	.001
Time of day: eveningf	6.2 (5.5)	1.12	.264
Durationg
2 h	9.4 (5.2)	1.82	.068
>2 h	35.2 (10.8)	3.25	.001
Complimentary food available	1.7 (5.9)	0.29	.773
Formal method of appraising articles	4.1 (5.4)	0.76	.444
Formal JC evaluation method	1.7 (5.4)	0.32	.752
Goals set at beginning of year	1.3 (5.3)	0.25	.800
Organizer: residents or residents with facultyh	7.1 (5.3)	1.34	.181
Moderator: residents or residents with facultyh	0.6 (5.7)	0.10	.922
Chooser of articles: residents or residents with facultyh	5.2 (5.3)	0.98	.326
Presenter of articles: residents or residents with facultyh	−4.6 (11.0)	−0.42	.676
No. of articles presentedi
3–4	9.4 (5.2)	1.82	.069
5–6	42.5 (15.1)	2.82	.005
Mandatory resident attendance	13.9 (5.7)	2.44	.015	8.4 (3.1)	2.69	.007
Recorded resident attendance	−5.6 (8.3)	−0.67	.503
Faculty attendancej
5–10	12.5 (5.3)	2.35	.019	6.4 (3.0)	2.14	.033
11–15	24.0 (8.2)	2.93	.005	12.1 (4.9)	2.47	.014
Importance rating of JC as part of the residency training by anesthesia residency program directork
Very important	−42.1(22.2)	−1.89	.059
Important	−36.1 (22.1)	−1.64	.102
Somewhat important	−33.3 (22.7)	−1.46	.143
Importance rating of JC as part of the residency training by the residents as perceived by the anesthesia residency program directork
Very important	−4.7 (14.4)	−0.33	.743
Important	−2.5 (10.2)	−0.24	.810
Somewhat important	−1.4 (9.9)	−0.14	.886

^a Final model after forward-backward stepwise selection with Schwartz-Bayesian information criterion, with adjustment for program size.

^b Boldface values are signnificant.

^c Reference: off-campus only or both on-campus and off-campus (program directors could choose on-campus only, off-campus only, or both).

^d Reference: multiple times a month.

^e May include quarterly, every other month, or 6–10 times a year.

^f Reference: morning + midday.

^g Reference: 1 hour.

^h Reference: faculty only.

ⁱ Reference: 1–2 articles.

^j Reference: <5.

^k Reference: not important.