Table 1.
Demographic or Characteristic | Training Cohort (N = 4154) |
Validation Cohort (N = 5161) |
p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) a | 59.3 ± 11.65 | 58.5 ± 11.95 | 0.850 |
<60 | 2103 (50.6) | 2645 (51.2) | 0.549 |
≥60 | 2051 (49.4) | 2516 (48.8) | |
Gender b | 0.804 | ||
Male | 2454 (59.1) | 3062 (59.3) | |
Female | 1700 (40.9) | 2099 (40.7) | |
BMI (kg/m2) b | - | ||
<24 | 1828 (44.0) | - | |
≥24 | 1383 (33.3) | - | |
Hypertension b | - | ||
No | 3554 (85.6) | - | |
Yes | 600 (14.4) | - | |
Diabetes mellitus b | - | ||
No | 3842 (92.5) | - | |
Yes | 312 (7.5) | - | |
Tumor location b | 0.005 | ||
Right colon | 899 (21.6) | 1220 (23.7) | |
Transverse colon | 85 (2.0) | 110 (2.1) | |
Left colon | 256 (6.2) | 362 (7.0) | |
Sigmoid colon | 721 (17.4) | 773 (15.0) | |
Rectum | 2193 (52.8) | 2696 (52.2) | |
Tumor diameter b | <0.001 | ||
<50 mm | 1640 (39.5) | 3446 (66.8) | |
≥50 mm | 2359 (56.8) | 1710 (33.1) | |
Pathological classification b | <0.001 | ||
Prominence | 2740 (66.0) | 1277 (24.7) | |
Infiltration | 268 (6.4) | 238 (4.6) | |
Ulceration | 160 (3.9) | 3436 (66.6) | |
Infiltration and ulceration | 986 (23.7) | 210 (4.1) | |
Differentiation degree b | <0.001 | ||
Well | 331 (8.0) | 48 (0.9) | |
Moderate | 3225 (77.6) | 3755 (72.8) | |
Poor | 598 (14.4) | 1358 (26.3) | |
Histologic classification b | <0.001 | ||
Adenocarcinoma | 3136 (75.5) | 4342 (84.1) | |
Mucinous adenocarcinoma + signet ring cell carcinoma | 1018 (24.5) | 819 (15.9) | |
TNM staging b | <0.001 | ||
II | 2385 (57.4) | 2086 (40.4) | |
III | 1769 (42.6) | 3075 (59.6) | |
AJCC staging II b | <0.001 | ||
IIA | 974 (40.8) | 1175 (56.3) | |
IIB | 180 (7.6) | 882 (42.3) | |
IIC | 1231 (51.6) | 29 (1.4) | |
AJCC staging III b | <0.001 | ||
IIIA | 122 (6.9) | 271 (8.8) | |
IIIB | 752 (42.5) | 1727 (56.2) | |
IIIC | 895 (50.6) | 1077 (35.0) | |
Tumor invasion b | <0.001 | ||
T1–T3 | 1847 (44.5) | 2588 (50.1) | |
T4 | 2307 (55.5) | 2573 (49.9) | |
Lymph nodes involved b | <0.001 | ||
N0 | 2385 (57.4) | 2086 (40.4) | |
N1–N2 | 1769 (42.6) | 3075 (59.6) | |
Cancer nodules b | <0.001 | ||
No | 3863 (93.0) | 4249 (82.3) | |
Yes | 291 (7.0) | 912 (17.7) | |
Nerve invasion b | <0.001 | ||
No | 3836 (92.3) | 3898 (75.5) | |
Yes | 318 (7.7) | 1263 (24.5) | |
Vascular tumor thrombus b | <0.001 | ||
No | 4009 (96.5) | 3622 (70.2) | |
Yes | 145 (3.5) | 1539 (29.8) | |
CEA b | 0.971 | ||
<5 ng/mL | 2203 (53.0) | 2832 (54.9) | |
≥5 ng/mL | 1626 (39.1) | 2087 (40.4) | |
CA19-9 b | <0.001 | ||
<37 U/mL | 3026 (72.8) | 3932 (76.2) | |
≥37 U/mL | 621 (14.9) | 991 (19.2) | |
Postoperative chemotherapy b | <0.001 | ||
No | 2413 (58.1) | 940 (18.2) | |
Yes | 1741 (41.9) | 4221 (81.8) | |
Postoperative radiotherapy b | <0.001 | ||
No | 3969 (95.5) | 4752 (92.1) | |
Yes | 185 (4.5) | 409 (7.9) | |
Platelet counts (109/L) c | 247 (204–305) | 232 (189–283) | <0.001 |
Neutrophil counts (109/L) c | 3.77 (2.95–4.83) | 3.50 (2.80–4.50) | <0.001 |
Lymphocyte counts (109/L) c | 1.89 (1.50–2.34) | 1.70 (1.30–2.10) | <0.001 |
Monocyte counts (109/L) c | 0.43 (0.33–0.54) | 0.40 (0.30–0.50) | <0.001 |
Eosinophil counts (109/L) c | 0.12 (0.06–0.20) | 0.13 (0.08–0.22) | <0.001 |
Basophil counts (109/L) c | 0.04 (0.02–0.06) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; Data are presented as a mean (standard deviation), b n (%) or c median (interquartile ranges). The validation cohort did not contain BMI and history of hypertension and diabetes. The number of missing values for BMI, tumor diameter, CEA, and CA19-9 were 943, 155, 325 and 507, respectively, in the training cohort. The number of missing values for tumor diameter, CEA, and CA19-9 were 5, 242 and 238, respectively, in the validation cohort.