Table 1.

Cell death mode and key mediators involved in Tg action in various cancer cell lines.

Mode of Action/Key Proteins	Mediator	Cell Line	Ref
Apoptosis via DR5	CHOP	Colorectal carcinoma HCT116 Prostate cancer LNCaP, DU145 Ovarian cancer A2780	[33]
Apoptosis via DR5 and caspase 8		Colorectal carcinoma HCT116 Lung cancer SK-MES-1 Myeloma KSM11, RPMI-8226	[34]
Apoptosis		Prostate cancer PC3, LNCaP Breast cancer MCF-7	[35]
Apoptosis via DR5 and caspase-8	LC3B, CHOP, PERK, ATF4, IRE1	Prostate cancer LNCaP Colorectal carcinoma HCT116	[39]
Apoptosis via DR5 and caspase 8		Colorectal carcinoma HCT116 Cas9	[40]
Apoptosis via DR5; Inhibition of cell migration, adhesion, and invasion Sensitization to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via TRAIL-DR5-AMPK signaling	CHOP, ATF4, PERK, eIF2α; AMPK signaling pathway; ROS	Esophageal carcinoma EC109, TE12 C109 xenografts in nude mice	[41]
Sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via DR5	IRE1α, ATF-6, CHOP	Melanoma Mel-RM, MM200, IgR3, Mel-CV, Me4405, Sk-Mel-28. Mel-FH	[43]
Apoptosis via JNK and ERS (JNK/MAPK/ERK signaling); Inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion	genes (JNK, ATF6, PERK, LC3B, Bcl-2) proteins (JNK, MAPK, ERK)	Adrenocortical carcinoma SW-13, NCI-H295R adrenocortical carcinoma xenograft in male BALB/c nude mice	[44]
Apoptosis	SEC24A gene	Near-haploid HAP1	[45]
Apoptosis	XBP1s, ATF4, CHOP, LC3B	Prostate cancer PC3, LNCaP Breast cancer MCF-7	[46]