Figure 2.

Predominant metabolic pathways activated in resting cells and during inflammation. ACC = acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; α-KG = alpha-ketoglutarate;FADH₂ = reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide; GLS = glutaminase; Glut-1 = glucose transporter 1; G6PC = glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit; G6PDH = glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; HK-2 = hexokinase 2; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; NAD⁺ = oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH/H⁺ = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OXPHOS = oxidative phosphorylation; PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK-1 = pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PEPCK = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PFK-1 = phosphofructokinase 1; PKM2 = pyruvate kinase M2 isoform; TCA = tricarboxylic acid cycle.