Table 3.
Demographic and health characteristics associated with AKI and AKI severity
| Characteristics | Any AKI Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | AKI Severitya Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Age in 10 yr | 1.24 (1.18 to 1.30) | 1.09 (1.03 to 1.16) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.28) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.14) |
| Sex, reference = women | 2.71 (1.99 to 3.76) | 2.14 (1.54 to 3.03) | 2.68 (1.96 to 3.68) | 2.22 (1.61 to 3.13) |
| Race, reference = White | ||||
| Black | 1.72 (1.52 to 1.94) | 1.93 (1.69 to 2.20) | 1.77 (1.57 to 1.99) | 1.98 (1.74 to 2.25) |
| Other | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.43) | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.51) | 1.10 (0.85 to 1.44) | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.47) |
| BMI category, reference = underweight/normal | ||||
| Overweight | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.42) | 1.17 (0.96 to 1.43) | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.43) | 1.17 (0.96 to 1.42) |
| Obese | 1.37 (1.15 to 1.64) | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.68) | 1.39 (1.17 to 1.65) | 1.36 (1.13 to 1.66) |
| Smoking status, reference = never smoked | ||||
| Former smoker | 1.34 (1.17 to 1.52) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.42) | 1.32 (1.16 to 1.50) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.38) |
| Current smoker | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.08) | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.07) | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.25) |
| Hypertension | 2.29 (1.96 to 2.68) | 1.31 (1.10 to 1.57) | 2.24 (1.92 to 2.61) | 1.28 (1.08 to 1.53) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 1.69 (1.51 to 1.91) | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.45) | 1.67 (1.48 to 1.87) | 1.25 (1.10 to 1.42) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.33 (1.18 to 1.51) | 0.86 (0.75 to 1.00) | 1.31 (1.16 to 1.48) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.01) |
| ACEI/ARB | 1.63 (1.44 to 1.84) | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.41) | 1.59 (1.41 to 1.79) | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38) |
| Diureticsb | 1.85 (1.64 to 2.10) | 1.32 (1.14 to 1.52) | 1.82 (1.61 to 2.05) | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.49) |
| Anticoagulant | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.54) | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.21) | 1.21 (0.99 to 1.48) | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.18) |
| Immunosuppressants | 2.71 (1.27 to 5.91) | 2.19 (0.97 to 5.03) | 2.65 (1.32 to 5.32) | 2.10 (1.00 to 4.32) |
| β-blocker | 1.52 (1.34 to 1.72) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 1.49 (1.32 to 1.68) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.22) |
| Aspirin | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.43) | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.11) | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.07) |
| eGFR category, reference = eGFR>90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | ||||
| 61–90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 1.43 (1.21 to 1.69) | 1.37 (1.14 to 1.64) | 1.44 (1.22 to 1.70) | 1.41 (1.18 to 1.68) |
| 46–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 2.99 (2.47 to 3.63) | 2.60 (2.10 to 3.23) | 2.86 (2.37 to 3.45) | 2.53 (2.05 to 3.12) |
| 30–45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 4.16 (3.32 to 5.23) | 3.33 (2.57 to 4.31) | 3.86 (3.10 to 4.79) | 3.16 (2.48 to 4.04) |
| <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 8.42 (5.82 to 12.36) | 7.28 (4.91 to 10.95) | 8.19 (5.93 to 11.32) | 7.36 (5.22 to 10.37) |
Adjusted estimates adjust for covariates listed in the table. BMI, body mass index; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
a
Severity is defined by increasing stage of AKI (no AKI; stage 1, 2, or 3 AKI; and AKI receiving KRT), where the odds ratio represents the odds of having a more severe AKI compared with a less severe one.
b
Includes loop, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and thiazides/other diuretics.