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Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) activities by indomethacin (100 mg/mL), caffeine (CF, 100 μg/mL), chlorogenic acid (CGA, 20 μg/mL), espresso coffee, boiled coffee, and drip coffee extracts (2 mg/mL each). Data obtained from five separate duplicate measurements are expressed as mean ± SEM values. * p < 0.05 when compared with the CGA; # p < 0.05 when compared to the CF.
