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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2020 Jul 21;276:592–599. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.053

Table 2.

Linear mixed effects models examining associations between mother characteristics on child 12-month HPA axis biomarkers.

Mother’s Characteristics Cortisol1
(n=104)
DHEA2
(n=103)
Cortisol/DHEA1
(n=103)
Beta. Coefficient (CI beneath in parentheses)
MDE3 Diagnosis (Baseline) 0.19 −1.63 0.52
(−0.23 – 0.61) (−3.816 – 0.56) (−0.012 – 1.05)
Depression Severity (Baseline)3 0.02 −0.18* 0.04*
(−0.01 – 0.05) (−0.34 – −0.02) (0.01 – 0.08)
MDE Diagnosis (12 months) −0.31 −2.10 0.05
(−0.75 – 0.14) (−4.42 – 0.23) (−0.53 – 0.63)
MDE Diagnosis count (never is referent)
Once 0.20 0.19 0.26
(−0.31 – 0.71) (−2.43 – 2.80) (−0.39 – 0.91)
Two 0.03 −2.38 0.66
(−0.55 – 0.62) (−5.46 – 0.70) (−0.11 – 1.42)
Three −0.11 −3.50 0.29
(−0.81 – 0.60) (−7.11 – 0.11) (−0.599 – 1.18)
MDE Diagnosis count (continuous)
−0.03 −1.22* 0.17
(−0.23 – 0.18) (−2.30 – −0.14) (−0.09 – 0.44)
Sample Size for MDE count4 Cortisol
(n=101)
DHEA
(n=101)
Cortisol/DHEA
(n=101)
Any IPV5 Baseline 0.10 −0.88 0.13
(−0.32 – 0.52) (−3.16 – 1.39) (−0.41 – 0.67)
IPV Count One Year Baseline
One Type 0.16 −1.33 0.23
(−0.41 – 0.74) (−4.30 – 1.64) (−0.51 – 0.96)
Two Types 0.23 0.31 0.09
(−0.37 – 0.82) (−2.75 – 3.37) (−0.66 – 0.85)
Three Types 0.06 −2.05 0.27
(−0.51 – 0.63) (−5.06 – 0.96) (−0.48 – 1.02)
IPV Count One Year Baseline (continuous)
0.04 −0.48 0.08
(−0.14 – 0.22) (−1.42 – 0.46) (−0.15 – 0.31)
Any IPV One Year −0.27 −1.81 −0.18
(−0.67 – 0.13) (−3.90 – 0.28) (−0.70 – 0.34)
IPV Count One Year PP
One Type −0.06 −0.61 −0.21
(−0.61 – 0.49) (−3.43 – 2.22) (−0.92 – 0.50)
Two Types −0.39 −1.504 −0.19
(−0.95 – 0.17) (−4.38 – 1.37) (−0.91 – 0.54)
Three Types −0.47 −4.10* −0.19
(−1.10 – 0.16) (−7.42 – −0.79) (−1.02 – 0.64)
IPV Count One Year PP (continuous)
−0.17 −1.16* −0.08
(−0.35 – 0.01) (−2.10 – −0.22) (−0.31 – 0.16)
***

p<0.001,

**

p<0.01,

*

p<0.05

1

All biomarkers were measured in pg/mg and cortisol and cortisol/DHEA ratio were log-transformed

2

One outlier was identified for DHEA level and dropped

3

Major Depressive Episode (MDE) determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and depression severity determined by the PHQ-9

4

Three children were dropped due to missingness. Differences were explored between these children and the biomarker sample in supplementary tables.

5

IPV variables contain a dummy category for non-response, these estimates are reported in sensitivity analyses.

6

All models controlled for SES, Child Age in Days, child sex, study arm, and maternal parity