Table 1.
Descriptive statistics: Household Pulse Survey, April 23–June 30, 2020
| Variable | Full sample (n = 398,413), % or mean ± SD | Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | Major depression disorder (MDD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 128,254), % or mean ± SD | No (n = 270,159), % or mean ± SD | Yes (n = 90,327), % or mean ± SD | No (n = 308,086), % or mean ± SD | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 18–24 (Ref) | 9.5 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 13.4 | 8.1 |
| 25–34 | 25.6 | 29.4 | 23.6 | 29.3 | 24.3 |
| 35–44 | 21.0 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.7 | 21.5 |
| 45–54 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 17.6 |
| 55–64 | 14.7 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 15.4 |
| 65 + | 12.0 | 8.3 | 14.0 | 8.8 | 13.2 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female (Ref) | 51.3 | 57.9 | 47.8 | 55.3 | 49.9 |
| Male | 48.7 | 42.2 | 52.2 | 44.7 | 50.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| NonHispanic White (Ref) | 57.5 | 56.7 | 58.0 | 54.5 | 58.7 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 13.4 |
| NonHispanic A&PI | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 5.5 |
| NonHispanic other | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 3.7 |
| Hispanic | 19.5 | 20.6 | 18.9 | 21.4 | 18.7 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried (Ref) | 47.8 | 54.6 | 44.1 | 59.4 | 43.5 |
| Married | 52.2 | 45.4 | 55.9 | 40.5 | 56.5 |
| Children in household | |||||
| No child (Ref) | 55.2 | 54.1 | 55.8 | 56.6 | 54.7 |
| One or more children | 44.8 | 45.9 | 44.2 | 43.4 | 45.3 |
| Household size | |||||
| Single person (Ref) | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.0 |
| 2-person | 26.4 | 25.0 | 27.2 | 25.4 | 26.8 |
| 3-person | 20.3 | 20.8 | 19.9 | 20.6 | 20.1 |
| 4-person | 20.5 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 20.8 |
| 5-person | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 11.8 |
| 6 or more persons | 13.8 | 14.1 | 13.6 | 14.5 | 13.5 |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | |||||
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school (Ref) | 8.9 | 9.6 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 8.2 |
| High school | 31.1 | 31.0 | 31.2 | 33.7 | 30.2 |
| Some college and AA | 31.4 | 34.0 | 30.1 | 34.6 | 30.3 |
| BA+ | 28.5 | 25.4 | 30.1 | 21.0 | 31.3 |
| Household income | |||||
| Less than $25,000 (Ref) | 16.7 | 22.0 | 13.9 | 24.6 | 13.8 |
| $25,000–49,999 | 25.4 | 27.8 | 24.0 | 30.1 | 23.6 |
| $50,000–74,999 | 18.0 | 18.1 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 18.1 |
| $75,000–99,999 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 13.9 |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 14.4 | 11.7 | 15.9 | 9.8 | 16.1 |
| $150,000 and above | 12.3 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 6.7 | 14.4 |
| Tenure of residence | |||||
| Rental housing unit (Ref) | 43.3 | 50.9 | 39.2 | 53.8 | 39.4 |
| Owner housing unit | 56.7 | 49.1 | 60.8 | 46.2 | 60.6 |
| Self-rated health and health care access | |||||
| Self-rated health | |||||
| Excellent (Ref) | 19.1 | 11.1 | 23.3 | 9.5 | 22.6 |
| Very good | 33.3 | 26.4 | 36.9 | 24.0 | 36.7 |
| Good | 30.3 | 33.9 | 28.4 | 34.1 | 28.9 |
| Fair | 14.1 | 22.2 | 9.8 | 24.8 | 10.2 |
| Poor | 3.2 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 7.6 | 1.6 |
| Insurance status | |||||
| Private (Ref) | 52.7 | 48.8 | 54.8 | 45.9 | 55.2 |
| Public | 14.7 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 18.2 | 13.4 |
| Both private and public | 14.7 | 13.4 | 15.4 | 13.6 | 15.2 |
| Other | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 |
| None | 11.8 | 14.6 | 10.3 | 15.9 | 10.3 |
| Delayed medical care due to pandemic | |||||
| Yes (Ref) | 40.5 | 53.6 | 33.4 | 53.4 | 35.7 |
| No | 59.5 | 46.4 | 66.6 | 46.6 | 64.3 |
| Did not get medical care due to pandemic | |||||
| Yes (Ref) | 32.9 | 45.9 | 26.0 | 46.7 | 27.8 |
| No | 67.1 | 54.1 | 74.0 | 53.2 | 72.1 |
| COVID-19 hardship | |||||
| Employment income loss | |||||
| No (Ref) | 48.5 | 37.9 | 54.1 | 37.1 | 52.6 |
| Yes | 51.5 | 62.2 | 45.9 | 62.9 | 47.3 |
| Food insufficiency | |||||
| No (Ref) | 56.2 | 39.7 | 65.0 | 36.0 | 63.6 |
| Yes | 43.8 | 60.4 | 35.0 | 64.0 | 36.4 |
| Housing instability | |||||
| No (Ref) | 87.4 | 81.5 | 90.6 | 80.2 | 90.1 |
| Yes | 12.6 | 18.5 | 9.4 | 19.8 | 9.9 |
| Spatiotemporal effects | |||||
| MSA (% of nonMSA or MSA) | |||||
| NonMSA (Ref) | 100.0 | 34.5 | 65.5 | 26.6 | 73.4 |
| MSA | 100.0 | 35.6*** | 64.4 | 27.7*** | 72.3 |
| Week (% of weekly sample) | |||||
| Week 1: April 23–May 5 (Ref) | 100.0 | 32.4 | 67.6 | 24.5 | 75.5 |
| Week 2: May 7–12 | 100.0 | 31.7** | 68.3 | 25.6*** | 74.4 |
| Week 3: May 14–19 | 100.0 | 29.9 | 70.1 | 25.6** | 74.4 |
| Week 4: May 21–26 | 100.0 | 31.1* | 68.9 | 25.6+ | 74.4 |
| Week 5: May 28–June 2 | 100.0 | 32.6+ | 67.4 | 26.8*** | 73.2 |
| Week 6: June 4–9 | 100.0 | 33.0* | 67.0 | 27.3 | 72.7 |
| Week 7: June 11–16 | 100.0 | 33.6*** | 66.4 | 26.1*** | 73.9 |
| Week 8: June 18–23 | 100.0 | 33.4*** | 66.6 | 27.2*** | 72.8 |
| Week 9: June 25–30 | 100.0 | 35.2*** | 64.8 | 28.7*** | 71.3 |
| Statewide COVID-19 conditions and reopening policy (mean and SD) | |||||
| % small business closure | 29.65 (11.78) | 29.32 (11.85) | 29.82 (11.74) | 29.4 (11.88) | 29.74 (11.74) |
| % outdoor mobility | 46.47 (23.22) | 46.85 (23.2) | 46.28 (23.22) | 46.84 (23.23) | 46.34 (23.21) |
| State reopening policy | 0.88 (0.33) | 0.89 (0.33) | 0.88 (0.34) | 0.89 (0.33) | 0.88 (0.34) |
| COVID-19 cases per 100 people | 0.52 (0.49) | 0.53 (0.49) | 0.52 (0.48) | 0.53 (0.49) | 0.52 (0.48) |
A&PI Asian and Pacific Islander. MSA metropolitan statistical area. Two-sample t test was used to check statistical significance of mean-differences for MSA and week. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.10